The P2Y receptor-mediated leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is inhibited by melatonin.

Extracellular ATP (released by endothelial and immune cells) and its metabolite ADP are important pro-inflammatory mediators via the activation of purinergic P2 receptors (P2Y and P2X), which represent potential new targets for anti-inflammatory therapy. Endothelial P2Y receptor (P2YR) induces endothelial cell activation triggering leukocyte adhesion. A number of data have implicated melatonin as a modulator of immunity, inflammation, and endothelial cell function, but to date no studies have investigated whether melatonin modulates endothelial P2YR signaling. Here, we evaluated the putative effect of melatonin on P2YR-mediated leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and TNF-α production, using mesenteric endothelial cells and fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from rats. Endothelial cells were treated with the P2YR agonist 2MeSATP, alone or in combination with melatonin, and then exposed to mononuclear cells. 2MeSATP increased leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and TNF-α production in vitro, and melatonin inhibited both effects without altering P2YR protein expression. In addition, assays with the Ca chelator BAPTA-AM indicate that the effect of melatonin on 2MeSATP-stimulated leukocyte adhesion depends on intracellular Ca modulation. P2YR is considered a potential target to control chronic inflammation. Therefore, our data unveiled a new endothelial cell modulator of purinergic P2Y receptor signaling.