van Berkum Fredrica H
Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195.
Evolution. 1986 May;40(3):594-604. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00510.x.
I present evidence that the thermal sensitivity of sprint speed of Anolis lizards has evolved to match the activity body temperatures (T ) experienced by local populations in nature. Anolis lizards from a range of altitudes in Costa Rica have limited thermoregulatory abilities and consequently have field T that differ substantially in median and interquartile distance (a measure of variability). Experimentally determined maximal sprint temperatures (T at which lizards run fastest) were positively correlated with median field T , and performance breadths (ranges of T over which lizards run well) were correlated with the variability (interquartile distance) of field T in the species I examined. Such correlations would be expected if the thermal sensitivity of sprint speed and field T had evolved together to improve the sprint performance of lizards in nature. Integration of laboratory and field studies indicates that several species of Anolis regularly experience impaired sprint speeds in the field, despite apparent evolutionary modification of their thermal physiologies. However, this impairment would have been more severe if the thermal sensitivities of sprint speed had not evolved. Data from other groups of lizards indicate that the thermal sensitivity of sprint speed has not evolved to match T of local populations (Hertz et al., 1983; Crowley, 1985). These lizards experience less variable T and less impairment of sprint speeds in the field than do the anoles. Thus, selection for modification of the thermal sensitivity of sprint speed might have been stronger for anoles than for other groups of lizards.
我提供的证据表明，安乐蜥冲刺速度的热敏感性已经进化到与当地种群在自然环境中经历的活动体温（T）相匹配。来自哥斯达黎加一系列海拔高度的安乐蜥体温调节能力有限，因此其野外体温（T）在中位数和四分位间距（一种变异性度量）方面存在显著差异。实验确定的最大冲刺温度（蜥蜴跑得最快时的温度，即T）与野外体温中位数呈正相关，而性能宽度（蜥蜴能良好奔跑的温度范围）与我所研究物种的野外体温变异性（四分位间距）相关。如果冲刺速度的热敏感性和野外体温（T）共同进化以提高蜥蜴在自然环境中的冲刺性能，那么这种相关性是可以预期的。实验室研究和野外研究相结合表明，尽管安乐蜥的热生理学在进化上有明显改变，但几种安乐蜥在野外经常出现冲刺速度受损的情况。然而，如果冲刺速度的热敏感性没有进化，这种损害会更严重。来自其他蜥蜴类群的数据表明，冲刺速度的热敏感性并没有进化到与当地种群的体温（T）相匹配（赫兹等人，1983年；克劳利，1985年）。与安乐蜥相比，这些蜥蜴在野外经历的体温变异性较小，冲刺速度受损程度也较小。因此，对于安乐蜥来说，选择改变冲刺速度的热敏感性可能比其他蜥蜴类群更强。
