Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018 Mar;12(3):687-694. doi: 10.1002/term.2487. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
Tissue engineering of corporal tissue is a new development in otherwise untreatable erectile dysfunction and in urethral reconstructions to treat hypospadias or severe urethral stricture disease. Multiple complications can arise with the current treatments, whereas engineered tissue, if well vascularized and existing of autologous cells, may lead to better results. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of literature on cell-seeded-based tissue engineering of corporal penile tissue. A literature search was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. Papers describing cell-seeded tissue engineering of corporal tissue were included. Studies using different techniques, such as intracavernous injection were excluded. Fifteen articles were included in the review. Twelve of these studies described engineering of the corpus cavernosum in animal models. Two articles were found on engineering of animal corpus spongiosum and one article on engineering of the human glans. Both synthetic scaffolds and biological scaffolds were used. The advantage of a biological, acellular scaffold was that the native, complex architecture of corporal tissue was maintained. Most studies used endothelial and smooth muscle cells from corporal origin, but stem cells were also investigated. Furthermore, dynamic culturing achieved an improved cell content and functionality. This review has summarized the developments in tissue engineering of corpus cavernosum and spongiosum tissue. Functional tissue has been developed in animal studies with the use of seeded cells on scaffolds. This knowledge will form a basis for the development of tissue engineering of corporal tissue for clinical applications.
组织工程学是治疗勃起功能障碍和尿道重建的新方法，可用于治疗尿道下裂或严重的尿道狭窄疾病。目前的治疗方法可能会引起多种并发症，而工程组织如果具有良好的血管化和自体细胞，则可能会产生更好的效果。本综述的目的是提供基于细胞接种的阴茎组织工程学文献综述。按照 PRISMA 指南进行了文献检索。包括描述基于细胞接种的组织工程学的阴茎组织的论文。排除了使用不同技术（如海绵体内注射）的研究。共纳入 15 篇文章进行综述。其中 12 项研究描述了动物模型中海绵体的工程学。有 2 篇文章报道了动物海绵体的工程学，有 1 篇文章报道了人类龟头的工程学。既使用了合成支架，也使用了生物支架。生物、无细胞支架的优点是保持了海绵体组织的天然、复杂结构。大多数研究使用来自海绵体的内皮和平滑肌细胞，但也研究了干细胞。此外，动态培养可提高细胞含量和功能。本综述总结了海绵体和海绵体组织工程学的发展。在动物研究中，使用支架上接种的细胞已开发出功能性组织。这一知识将为临床应用中海绵体组织工程学的发展奠定基础。
