Bahir W, Omar O, Rosales R S, Hlusek M, Ziay G, Schauwers W, Whatmore A M, Nicholas R A J
Central Veterinary and Diagnostic Research Laboratories, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
BMC Vet Res. 2017 May 30;13(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1067-7.
Little is known about the occurrence of important diseases of ruminants in Afghanistan because of the conflict affecting the country over the last 40 years. To address this discrepancy, ruminant herds in Afghanistan were screened for OIE-listed mycoplasma diseases, contagious bovine (CBPP) and caprine pleuropneumonias (CCPP).
Of the 825 samples from 24 provinces tested for serological evidence of CBPP caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.mycoides, 20 (3.4%) had ELISA values greater than the positive threshold of 50% though all were less than 55%. Repeat testing of these suspect sera gave values below 50. A smaller number of sera (330) from cattle in nine provinces were also tested by the rapid latex agglutination test (LAT) for CBPP, 10 of which were considered suspect. However, no positive bands were seen when immunoblotting was carried out on all sera that gave suspect results. Serological evidence of Mycoplasma bovis was detected in half of 28 herds in eight provinces. The cause of CCPP, M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae was not detected in any of the 107 nasal swabs and lung tissue collected from goats in seven provinces though sample handling and storage were not optimal. However, strong serological evidence was detected in goat herds in several villages near Kabul some of which were over 50% seropositive by LAT and ELISAs for CCPP; immunoblotting confirmed positive results on a selection of these sera.
The data presented here provide a first assessment of the occurrence of the two OIE listed mycoplasma diseases in Afghanistan. From the results of the testing bovine sera from the majority of provinces there is no evidence of the presence of CBPP in Afghanistan. However the samples tested represented only 0.03% of the cattle population so a larger survey is required to confirm these findings. Serological, but not bacterial, evidence was produced during this investigation to show that CCPP is highly likely to be present in parts of Afghanistan.
由于过去40年的冲突影响，阿富汗反刍动物重要疾病的发生情况鲜为人知。为解决这一差异，对阿富汗的反刍动物群进行了筛查，以检测世界动物卫生组织（OIE）列出的支原体疾病、传染性牛胸膜肺炎（CBPP）和山羊传染性胸膜肺炎（CCPP）。
对来自24个省份的825份样本进行检测，以寻找由丝状支原体丝状亚种引起的CBPP的血清学证据，其中20份（3.4%）ELISA值高于50%的阳性阈值，但均低于55%。对这些可疑血清进行重复检测，结果低于50%。对来自9个省份的少量牛血清（330份）也采用快速乳胶凝集试验（LAT）检测CBPP，其中10份被视为可疑。然而，对所有给出可疑结果的血清进行免疫印迹时，未发现阳性条带。在8个省份的28个牛群中，有一半检测到牛支原体的血清学证据。在从7个省份的山羊采集的107份鼻拭子和肺组织中，均未检测到CCPP的病原体山羊肺炎支原体山羊肺炎亚种，尽管样本处理和储存并不理想。然而，在喀布尔附近的几个村庄的山羊群中检测到了强有力的血清学证据，其中一些村庄通过LAT和ELISA检测CCPP的血清阳性率超过50%；免疫印迹证实了这些血清中的一部分检测结果为阳性。
本文提供的数据首次评估了阿富汗两种OIE列出的支原体疾病的发生情况。从大多数省份牛血清的检测结果来看，没有证据表明阿富汗存在CBPP。然而，所检测的样本仅占牛群总数的0.03%，因此需要进行更大规模的调查来证实这些发现。在本次调查中产生了血清学证据，但没有细菌学证据，表明CCPP极有可能在阿富汗部分地区存在。
