Smith Julia
Postdoctoral Fellow in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Simon Fraser University in Canada and a Research Fellow at the Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division in South Africa.
Health Hum Rights. 2016 Dec;18(2):145-156.
Despite a history of championing HIV/AIDS as a human rights issue, and a rhetorical commitment to health as a human right, European states and institutions have shifted from a rights-based response to a risk management approach to HIV/AIDS since the economic recession of 2008. An interdisciplinary perspective is applied to analyze health policy changes at the national, regional, and global levels by drawing on data from key informant interviews, and institutional and civil society documents. It is demonstrated that, in the context of austerity measures, member states such as the UK and Greece reduced commitments to rights associated with HIV/AIDS; at the regional level, the EU failed to develop rights-based approaches to address the vulnerabilities and health care needs of key populations affected by HIV/AIDS, particularly migrants and sex workers; and at the global level, the EU backtracked on commitments to global health and is prioritizing the intellectual property rights of pharmaceutical companies over the human rights of people living with HIV/AIDS. The focus within and from the EU is on containment, efficiency, and cost reduction. The rights of those most affected are no longer prioritized.
尽管欧洲各国及机构曾将艾滋病毒/艾滋病作为人权问题加以倡导，并在口头上承诺将健康视为一项人权，但自2008年经济衰退以来，它们已从基于权利的应对方式转向了针对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的风险管理方法。本文运用跨学科视角，通过借鉴关键信息人访谈数据以及机构和民间社会文件，分析国家、区域和全球层面的卫生政策变化。研究表明，在财政紧缩措施的背景下，英国和希腊等成员国减少了对与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关权利的承诺；在区域层面，欧盟未能制定基于权利的方法来解决受艾滋病毒/艾滋病影响的关键人群（特别是移民和性工作者）的脆弱性和医疗保健需求；在全球层面，欧盟违背了对全球卫生的承诺，将制药公司的知识产权置于艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的人权之上。欧盟内部以及来自欧盟的关注点在于控制、效率和成本降低。受影响最严重人群的权利不再被优先考虑。
