Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado;
Center for Human Growth and Development and.
Pediatrics. 2017 Apr;139(Suppl 1):S50-S58. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2828G.
Infancy and early childhood (ie, birth through age 24 months) represent a period of life with both exquisite opportunity and vulnerability for neurodevelopment. This is due to rapid brain development, both anatomic and functional, as well as to high nutrient requirements during a time of dependence on human milk and complementary foods. Complex interactions exist among nutrition, social, and physical environments and exposures. The newborn brain also reflects maternal exposures that occurred as the product of many interacting forces during gestation. Connections between nutrient use and acute and chronic inflammation are increasingly recognized, but the evidence base linking both nutrition and inflammation to neurodevelopment is relatively modest and quite limited for this young age group specifically. This article provides an overview of key interactions of nutritional requirements relevant to brain development and function; nutritional vulnerabilities related to maternal nutritional status and function; and the impact of environmental exposures and inflammation on nutrient homeostasis and neurodevelopment during this critical developmental window.
婴儿期和幼儿期（即出生到 24 个月龄）是大脑神经发育既存在绝佳机会又非常脆弱的时期。这是因为大脑在解剖和功能上都在迅速发育，同时在此期间婴儿还依赖于人乳和补充食物来满足高营养需求。营养、社会和物理环境以及暴露因素之间存在复杂的相互作用。新生婴儿的大脑还反映了其在母体内发育过程中受到的多种相互作用的母体暴露。人们越来越认识到营养素的使用与急性和慢性炎症之间存在关联，但具体到这个年龄组，将营养和炎症联系起来的神经发育的证据基础相对较少，而且非常有限。本文概述了与大脑发育和功能相关的营养需求的关键相互作用；与母体营养状况和功能相关的营养脆弱性；以及在这个关键的发育窗口期，环境暴露和炎症对营养动态平衡和神经发育的影响。
