Priliani Lidwina, Harahap Alida R, Satyagraha Ari W, Noviyanti Rintis, Apriyana Isabella, Nanine Illene, Sudoyo Herawati, Malik Safarina G
Genome Diversity and Diseases Division, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Tangerang, Indonesia.
Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2025 Jun;34(3):430-439. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0017.
Anemia is a major health problem worldwide, with complex etiologies and significantly affecting the quality of life and health outcomes. In Indonesia, anemia is a public health concern with a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and infectious disease factors. The prevalence tends to increase in Indonesia from 2007 to 2018. This study aims to explore factors contributing to anemia in Indonesia.
We used archived data from various population studies collected between 1995 and 2023. A total of 5,486 subjects from 17 study populations in Indonesia were included in the analyses.
The proportions of anemic women are higher than anemic men (p<0.001), and the anemia prevalence in Indonesia is diverse in various populations. More than 50% of this study subjects were microcytic hypochromic anemia with 35% indicative of iron deficiency and 13% of thalassemia based on Mentzer Index and RDW index cut-off. Hb analysis showed that HbA2 and HbF proportions above normal were significantly higher in the anemic group (p<0.001). We also found beta thalassemia proportions were higher in the anemic group (p<0.001) indicating genetic disorders are prevalent in Indonesia.
The anemia prevalence in Indonesia is high, and the etiology is very complex, with nutritional and non-nutritional factors. Therefore, anemia mitigation in the Indonesian population should consider nutritional and non-nutritional factors. Policy makers should consider intervention programs beyond nutrient-specific strate-gies such as genetic background of the individuals.
贫血是全球主要的健康问题，病因复杂，严重影响生活质量和健康结局。在印度尼西亚，贫血是一个公共卫生问题，遗传、环境和传染病因素之间存在复杂的相互作用。2007年至2018年期间，印度尼西亚的贫血患病率呈上升趋势。本研究旨在探讨印度尼西亚贫血的影响因素。
我们使用了1995年至2023年期间收集的各种人群研究的存档数据。分析纳入了来自印度尼西亚17个研究人群的5486名受试者。
贫血女性的比例高于贫血男性（p<0.001），印度尼西亚不同人群的贫血患病率各不相同。根据门泽尔指数和红细胞分布宽度指数临界值，本研究中超过50%的受试者为小细胞低色素性贫血，其中35%表明缺铁，13%为地中海贫血。血红蛋白分析显示，贫血组中血红蛋白A2和血红蛋白F比例高于正常水平的情况显著更多（p<0.001）。我们还发现贫血组中β地中海贫血的比例更高（p<0.001），这表明遗传疾病在印度尼西亚很普遍。
印度尼西亚的贫血患病率很高，病因非常复杂，包括营养和非营养因素。因此，减轻印度尼西亚人群贫血状况应考虑营养和非营养因素。政策制定者应考虑除针对特定营养素的策略之外的干预项目，例如个体的遗传背景。
