COURTSHIP FEEDING AND THE FITNESS OF FEMALE KATYDIDS (ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIIDAE).

Katydid males (Requena verticalis) produce spermatophores with a large sperm-free spermatophylax, which is eaten by the female after mating. In this study, I asked 1) how do spermatophylax nutrients affect the fitness of the mated female and her progeny? 2) does this male-produced food substitute for other food in the diet of the female, or is it a source of specialized nutrients? and 3) does an increase in the size of the spermatophylax eaten influence female reproduction in the same way as the additional spermatophylaxes that would be obtained from multiple mating? An experimental increase either in dietary protein or the number of spermatophylaxes eaten increased the number of eggs produced. However, spermatophylax size had no effect on egg number. An increase in either the size or number of spermatophylaxes eaten resulted in an increase in egg size. There was no influence of protein in the general diet on egg size. This suggests that males provide nutrition not available from other sources. Although there were no direct effects of number of spermatophylaxes eaten by females on the overwintering survival of their progeny, offspring from females producing larger eggs had a relatively higher probability of surviving winter. The amount of spermatophylax eaten had no influence on the mean adult size of progeny but significantly increased the mean date at which sons matured to adulthood. There was no influence of dietary protein on these variables. Since maturation date is positively correlated with adult size in both sexes, it is suggested that the influence of courtship feeding on maturation date may result in an increase in adult size and thus the fitness of sons. A significant correlation between the size of the female and the mean size of her sons (but not daughters) suggests that there is also a heritable component to body size.