Bowen Brian W, Meylan Anne B, Ross J Perran, Limpus Colin J, Balazs George H, Avise John C
Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Department of Natural Resources, Florida Marine Research Institute, 100 Eighth Ave., S.E., St. Petersburg, FL, 33701-5095, USA.
Evolution. 1992 Aug;46(4):865-881. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00605.x.
To address aspects of the evolution and natural history of green turtles, we assayed mitochondrial (mt) DNA genotypes from 226 specimens representing 15 major rookeries around the world. Phylogenetic analyses of these data revealed (1) a comparatively low level of mtDNA variability and a slow mtDNA evolutionary rate (relative to estimates for many other vertebrates); (2) a fundamental phylogenetic split distinguishing all green turtles in the Atlantic-Mediterranean from those in the Indian-Pacific Oceans; (3) no evidence for matrilineal distinctiveness of a commonly recognized taxonomic form in the East Pacific (the black turtle C.m. agassizi or C. agassizi); (4) in opposition to published hypotheses, a recent origin for the Ascension Island rookery, and its close genetic relationship to a geographically proximate rookery in Brazil; and (5) a geographic population substructure within each ocean basin (typically involving fixed or nearly fixed genotypic differences between nesting populations) that suggests a strong propensity for natal homing by females. Overall, the global matriarchal phylogeny of Chelonia mydas appears to have been shaped by both geography (ocean basin separations) and behavior (natal homing on regional or rookery-specific scales). The shallow evolutionary population structure within ocean basins likely results from demographic turnover (extinction and colonization) of rookeries over time frames that are short by evolutionary standards but long by ecological standards.
为了探究绿海龟的进化及自然史的相关方面，我们对代表全球15个主要繁殖地的226个样本的线粒体（mt）DNA基因型进行了分析。对这些数据的系统发育分析揭示了：（1）mtDNA变异性相对较低，且mtDNA进化速率较慢（相对于许多其他脊椎动物的估计值）；（2）一个基本的系统发育分歧，将大西洋 - 地中海的所有绿海龟与印度洋 - 太平洋的绿海龟区分开来；（3）没有证据表明东太平洋一种普遍认可的分类形式（黑海龟C.m. agassizi或C. agassizi）存在母系独特性；（4）与已发表的假设相反，阿森松岛繁殖地起源较近，且与巴西一个地理位置相近的繁殖地有密切的遗传关系；（5）每个大洋盆地内存在地理种群亚结构（通常涉及筑巢种群之间固定或近乎固定的基因型差异），这表明雌性具有强烈的出生地归巢倾向。总体而言，绿海龟的全球母系系统发育似乎受到地理因素（大洋盆地分隔）和行为因素（区域或繁殖地特定尺度上的出生地归巢）的共同影响。大洋盆地内进化上较浅的种群结构可能是由于繁殖地的人口统计学更替（灭绝和殖民化）导致的，这种更替在进化标准下的时间框架较短，但在生态标准下的时间框架较长。
