Bowen Brian W, Kamezaki Naoki, Limpus Colin J, Hughes George R, Meylan Anne B, Avise John C
BEECS Genetic Analysis Core, P.O. Box 110699, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611.
Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, 223 Bartram Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611.
Evolution. 1994 Dec;48(6):1820-1828. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb02217.x.
Restriction-site analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) reveal substantial phylogeographic structure among major nesting populations in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans and the Mediterranean sea. Based on 176 samples from eight nesting populations, most breeding colonies were distinguished from other assayed nesting locations by diagnostic and often fixed restriction-site differences, indicating a strong propensity for natal homing by nesting females. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two distinctive matrilines in the loggerhead turtle that differ by a mean estimated sequence divergence p = 0.009, a value similar in magnitude to the deepest intraspecific mtDNA node (p = 0.007) reported in a global survey of the green sea turtle Chelonia mydas. In contrast to the green turtle, where a fundamental phylogenetic split distinguished turtles in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea from those in the Indian and Pacific oceans, genotypes representing the two primary loggerhead mtDNA lineages were observed in both Atlantic-Mediterranean and Indian-Pacific samples. We attribute this aspect of phylogeographic structure in Caretta caretta to recent interoceanic gene flow, probably mediated by the ability of this temperate-adapted species to utilize habitats around southern Africa. These results demonstrate how differences in the ecology and geographic ranges of marine turtle species can influence their comparative global population structures.
对蠵龟（Caretta caretta）线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的限制性酶切位点分析揭示了大西洋、印度洋、太平洋以及地中海主要筑巢种群之间显著的系统地理学结构。基于来自8个筑巢种群的176个样本，大多数繁殖群体通过诊断性的且通常是固定的限制性酶切位点差异与其他经检测的筑巢地点区分开来，这表明筑巢雌龟具有强烈的出生地归巢倾向。系统发育分析揭示了蠵龟中有两个独特的母系分支，它们之间的平均估计序列分歧p = 0.009，这一数值与在绿海龟（Chelonia mydas）全球调查中报道的最深的种内mtDNA节点（p = 0.007）的大小相似。与绿海龟不同，绿海龟中一个基本的系统发育分支将大西洋和地中海的海龟与印度洋和太平洋的海龟区分开来，而在大西洋 - 地中海和印度洋 - 太平洋的样本中都观察到了代表蠵龟两个主要mtDNA谱系的基因型。我们将蠵龟系统地理学结构的这一方面归因于最近的跨洋基因流动，这可能是由这种适应温带环境的物种利用非洲南部周围栖息地的能力介导的。这些结果表明了海龟物种在生态和地理范围上的差异如何能够影响它们在全球范围内的比较种群结构。
