Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
Sci Rep. 2017 May 31;7(1):2563. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02424-6.
One unique feature of quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that the outcomes of two incompatible measurements cannot simultaneously achieve arbitrary precision. In an information-theoretic context of quantum information, the uncertainty principle can be formulated as entropic uncertainty relations with two measurements for a quantum bit (qubit) in two-dimensional system. New entropic uncertainty relations are studied for a higher-dimensional quantum state with multiple measurements, and the uncertainty bounds can be tighter than that expected from two measurements settings and cannot result from qubits system with or without a quantum memory. Here we report the first room-temperature experimental testing of the entropic uncertainty relations with three measurements in a natural three-dimensional solid-state system: the nitrogen-vacancy center in pure diamond. The experimental results confirm the entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements. Our result represents a more precise demonstrating of the fundamental uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.
量子力学的一个独特特征是海森堡测不准原理，该原理指出，两个不兼容的测量结果不可能同时达到任意精度。在量子信息的信息论背景下，不确定性原理可以表述为两个测量对于二维系统中的量子位（qubit）的熵不确定性关系。本文研究了具有多个测量的更高维量子态的新熵不确定性关系，并且不确定性界限可以比两个测量设置更紧，并且不能归因于具有或不具有量子存储器的量子比特系统。在这里，我们报告了在纯金刚石中的氮空位中心的自然三维固态系统中首次进行的具有三个测量的熵不确定性关系的实验测试。实验结果证实了多个测量的熵不确定性关系。我们的结果更精确地证明了量子力学的基本不确定性原理。
