Shaw Kerry L
Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130.
Evolution. 1996 Feb;50(1):256-266. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb04489.x.
The Hawaiian cricket genus Laupala (family Gryllidae) is one of several native genera of flightless crickets found in rain-forest habitat across the Hawaiian archipelago. Species in this genus are morphologically quite similar, but the songs produced by adult males are acoustically distinct. I examined the nature of song variation found within Laupala paranigra and between Laupala kohalensis and L. paranigra, both endemic to the island of Hawaii. Variation within and among species was most notable in the temporal structure of the song, as quantified by the pulse rate. The variation in pulse rate present in natural populations of L. paranigra bred true through the F laboratory generation, suggesting that the intraspecific variation in this species has a genetic basis. Interspecific hybridizations between L. kohalensis and L. paranigra successfully produced F , F , and backcross generations. Hybrid F males from reciprocal crosses sang with significantly different pulse rates, implicating an X chromosomal contribution to the phenotypic difference between these species. Interspecific patterns of inheritance are most consistent with a type-I genetic architecture. Polygenic inheritance of the interspecific pulse-rate variation was observed, and approximately eight genetic factors were estimated to underlie the difference in pulse rate between L. kohalensis and L. paranigra.
夏威夷蟋蟀属Laupala（蟋蟀科）是在夏威夷群岛雨林栖息地发现的几种不会飞的本土蟋蟀属之一。该属的物种在形态上非常相似，但成年雄性发出的鸣声在声学上却截然不同。我研究了在夏威夷岛特有的黑翅劳帕蟋蟀（Laupala paranigra）内部以及考艾劳帕蟋蟀（Laupala kohalensis）与黑翅劳帕蟋蟀之间鸣声变化的本质。物种内部和物种之间的变化在鸣声的时间结构中最为显著，通过脉冲率来量化。黑翅劳帕蟋蟀自然种群中存在的脉冲率变化在实验室F代中能够稳定遗传，这表明该物种的种内变异具有遗传基础。考艾劳帕蟋蟀与黑翅劳帕蟋蟀之间的种间杂交成功产生了F1、F2和回交后代。正反交产生的杂交F1雄性鸣声的脉冲率显著不同，这表明X染色体对这两个物种之间的表型差异有贡献。种间遗传模式与I型遗传结构最为一致。观察到种间脉冲率变异的多基因遗传，估计约有八个遗传因素是考艾劳帕蟋蟀和黑翅劳帕蟋蟀之间脉冲率差异的基础。
