Ngowi Helena, Ozbolt Ivan, Millogo Athanase, Dermauw Veronique, Somé Télesphore, Spicer Paul, Jervis Lori L, Ganaba Rasmané, Gabriel Sarah, Dorny Pierre, Carabin Hélène
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2017 Jun 1;6(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s40249-017-0308-0.
Taeniasis and cysticercosis are two diseases caused by Taenia solium, a parasite transmitted between humans and pigs, leading to considerable economic loss and disabilities. Transmission of the parasite is linked to environmental and behavioural factors such as inadequate sanitation and hygiene, poor pig management, and consumption of infected pork. This study used implementation research method to design a health education intervention strategy for reducing T. solium infections in Burkina Faso, a country endemic for the parasite.
Eighteen group discussions were conducted with 8-18 participants each in three villages. In addition, structured interviews were conducted among 4 777 participants and 2 244 pig owners, who were selected through cluster random sampling in 60 villages of three provinces of Burkina Faso. Both approaches assessed knowledge and practices related to T. solium. The information obtained was used to develop a community-adapted health education intervention strategy to control taeniasis and cysticercosis in Burkina Faso.
The group discussions revealed that participants had a poor quality of life due to the diseases as well as inadequate access to latrines, safe water, and healthcare services. In addition, it was found that pig production was an important economic activity, especially for women. Furthermore, financial and knowledge constraints were important limitations to improved pig management and latrine construction. The survey data also showed that open defecation and drinking unboiled water were common behaviours, enhanced by a lack of knowledge regarding the transmission of the parasite, perceived financial barriers to the implementation of control measures, lack of public sensitization, as well as a lack of self-efficacy towards control of the parasite. Nevertheless, the perceived financial benefits of controlling porcine cysticercosis could be emphasized by an education program that discourages open defecation and encourages drinking safe water. The final intervention strategy included a Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) approach, as well as a 52-min film and an accompanying comic booklet.
The main problem in the study communities regarding the transmission of T. solium cysticercosis is the random disposal of human faeces, which can be contaminated with parasite eggs. Prevention of open defecation requires the building of latrines, which can be quite problematic in economically challenged settings. Providing the community with the skills to construct durable latrines using low-cost locally available materials would likely help to resolve this problem. Further studies are required to implement and evaluate the T. solium control strategy developed in this study.
猪带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病是由猪带绦虫引起的两种疾病，猪带绦虫是一种在人和猪之间传播的寄生虫，会导致相当大的经济损失和残疾。该寄生虫的传播与环境卫生和行为因素有关，如卫生设施和卫生条件不足、猪管理不善以及食用受感染的猪肉。本研究采用实施研究方法，为布基纳法索（该寄生虫的地方性流行国家）设计了一项减少猪带绦虫感染的健康教育干预策略。
在三个村庄进行了18次小组讨论，每个小组有8 - 18名参与者。此外，对通过整群随机抽样在布基纳法索三个省的60个村庄中选取的4777名参与者和2244名猪主进行了结构化访谈。两种方法都评估了与猪带绦虫相关的知识和行为。所获得的信息用于制定一项适合社区的健康教育干预策略，以控制布基纳法索的猪带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病。
小组讨论表明，由于这些疾病以及缺乏厕所、安全饮用水和医疗服务，参与者的生活质量较差。此外，发现养猪是一项重要的经济活动，对女性尤为如此。此外，资金和知识限制是改善猪管理和建造厕所的重要障碍。调查数据还显示，随地大小便和饮用生水是常见行为，这因对寄生虫传播缺乏了解、认为实施控制措施存在资金障碍、缺乏公众宣传以及对控制寄生虫缺乏自我效能感而加剧。然而，一项劝阻随地大小便并鼓励饮用安全水的教育计划可以强调控制猪囊尾蚴病在经济上的潜在益处。最终的干预策略包括参与式卫生与环境改造（PHAST）方法，以及一部52分钟的影片和一本配套的漫画手册。
研究社区中关于猪带绦虫囊尾蚴病传播的主要问题是人类粪便的随意处理，其可能被寄生虫卵污染。防止随地大小便需要建造厕所，这在经济困难地区可能颇具问题。为社区提供使用当地低成本可用材料建造耐用厕所的技能可能有助于解决这一问题。需要进一步研究来实施和评估本研究中制定的猪带绦虫控制策略。
