Sarti E, Flisser A, Schantz P M, Gleizer M, Loya M, Plancarte A, Avila G, Allan J, Craig P, Bronfman M, Wijeyaratne P
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Feb;56(2):127-32. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1997.56.127.
A comprehensive study was undertaken in a rural community in the state of Morelos, Mexico to evaluate health education as an intervention measure against Taenia solium. An educational program was developed to promote recognition and knowledge of the transmission of the parasite and to improve hygienic behavior and sanitary conditions that foster transmission. The effects of educational intervention were evaluated by measuring changes in knowledge and practices and prevalence of human taeniasis and swine cysticercosis before and after the campaign. The health education strategy was implemented with the active participation of the population based on the information obtained from a sociologic study. A questionnaire was designed and used before, immediately after the intervention, and six months later. Statistically significant improvements occurred in knowledge of the parasite, its life cycle, and how it is acquired by humans; however, changes in behavior related to transmission were less dramatic and persistent. The prevalences of cysticercosis in pigs at the start of the education intervention were 2.6% and 5.2% by lingual examination and antibody detection (immunoblot assay), respectively, and approximately one year after the intervention they were 0% and 1.2% (P < 0.05). These changes were accompanied by significant reductions in the reported access of pigs to sources of infection and freedom to roam. We conclude that health education, developed along with community involvement, reduced opportunities for transmission of T. solium in the human-pig cycle.
在墨西哥莫雷洛斯州的一个农村社区开展了一项全面研究，以评估健康教育作为针对猪带绦虫的干预措施的效果。制定了一项教育计划，以促进对该寄生虫传播的认识和了解，并改善助长传播的卫生行为和卫生条件。通过测量活动前后知识、实践的变化以及人类绦虫病和猪囊尾蚴病的患病率来评估教育干预的效果。基于从社会学研究中获得的信息，在民众的积极参与下实施了健康教育策略。设计并在干预前、干预刚结束后以及六个月后使用了一份问卷。在对该寄生虫及其生命周期以及人类如何感染的认识方面出现了具有统计学意义的改善；然而，与传播相关的行为变化则不那么显著且持续时间较短。在教育干预开始时，通过舌检和抗体检测（免疫印迹法）得出猪囊尾蚴病的患病率分别为2.6%和5.2%，在干预大约一年后，患病率分别为0%和1.2%（P<0.05）。这些变化伴随着报告的猪接触感染源的机会以及自由活动范围的显著减少。我们得出结论，与社区参与相结合开展的健康教育减少了猪带绦虫在人猪循环中的传播机会。
