Celikkin Nehar, Rinoldi Chiara, Costantini Marco, Trombetta Marcella, Rainer Alberto, Święszkowski Wojciech
Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
Tissue Engineering Unit, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017 Sep 1;78:1277-1299. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.016. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
Tissue engineering (TE) aims to mimic the complex environment where organogenesis takes place using advanced materials to recapitulate the tissue niche. Cells, three-dimensional scaffolds and signaling factors are the three main and essential components of TE. Over the years, materials and processes have become more and more sophisticated, allowing researchers to precisely tailor the final chemical, mechanical, structural and biological features of the designed scaffolds. In this review, we will pose the attention on two specific classes of naturally derived polymers: fibrous proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These materials hold great promise for advances in the field of regenerative medicine as i) they generally undergo a fast remodeling in vivo favoring neovascularization and functional cells organization and ii) they elicit a negligible immune reaction preventing severe inflammatory response, both representing critical requirements for a successful integration of engineered scaffolds with the host tissue. We will discuss the recent achievements attained in the field of regenerative medicine by using proteins and GAGs, their merits and disadvantages and the ongoing challenges to move the current concepts to practical clinical application.
组织工程（TE）旨在利用先进材料模拟器官发生的复杂环境，以重现组织微环境。细胞、三维支架和信号因子是组织工程的三个主要且必不可少的组成部分。多年来，材料和工艺变得越来越复杂，使研究人员能够精确地定制设计支架的最终化学、机械、结构和生物学特性。在本综述中，我们将关注两类特定的天然衍生聚合物：纤维蛋白和糖胺聚糖（GAGs）。这些材料在再生医学领域具有巨大的应用前景，因为：其一，它们在体内通常会经历快速重塑，有利于新血管形成和功能细胞组织；其二，它们引发的免疫反应可忽略不计，可防止严重的炎症反应，这两者都是工程支架与宿主组织成功整合的关键要求。我们将讨论在再生医学领域通过使用蛋白质和GAGs所取得的最新成果、它们的优缺点以及将当前概念转化为实际临床应用所面临的挑战。
