Temasek Life-Sciences Laboratory, Singapore.
Temasek Life-Sciences Laboratory, Singapore.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2017 Nov;71:129-136. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.011. Epub 2017 May 31.
The generation of a functional organism from a single, fertilized ovum requires the spatially coordinated regulation of diverse cell identities. The establishment and precise arrangement of differentiated cells in developing embryos has, historically, been extensively studied by geneticists and developmental biologists. While chemical gradients and genetic regulatory networks are widely acknowledged to play significant roles in embryo patterning, recent studies have highlighted that mechanical forces generated by, and exerted on, embryos are also crucial for the proper control of cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Here we review the most recent findings in murine preimplantation embryogenesis on the roles of cortical tension in the coupling of cell-fate determination and cell positioning in 8-16-cell-stage embryos. These basic principles of mechanochemical coupling in mouse embryos can be applied to other pattern formation phenomena that rely on localized modifications of cell polarity proteins and actin cytoskeletal components and activities.
从单个受精卵中生成一个具有功能的生物体，需要不同细胞特性的空间协调调控。历史上，遗传学家和发育生物学家广泛研究了胚胎中分化细胞的建立和精确排列。虽然化学梯度和遗传调控网络被广泛认为在胚胎模式形成中发挥着重要作用，但最近的研究强调了胚胎产生和施加的机械力对于细胞分化和形态发生的正确控制也至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了最近在小鼠胚胎植入前发生过程中关于皮质张力在 8-16 细胞期胚胎中细胞命运决定和细胞定位偶联中的作用的研究发现。这些在小鼠胚胎中机械化学偶联的基本原理可以应用于其他依赖于细胞极性蛋白和肌动蛋白细胞骨架成分和活性的局部修饰的形态发生现象。
