Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
Schizophr Res. 2018 Aug;198:16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.034. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
The acoustic startle response (ASR) and its modulation, including prepulse inhibition (PPI), are considered to be promising neurophysiological indices for translational research in psychiatry. Impairment of the PPI has been reported in several psychiatric disorders, but particularly in schizophrenia, where PPI is considered to be a candidate endophenotype of the disorder. Although the profiles of the ASR differ between races, recent studies of single ethnicity samples in Asia were in accord with a number of studies from Western countries, in reporting that patients with schizophrenia exhibit impaired PPI. The PPI of the ASR is known to develop before 8years of age, and PPI impairment has only been reported in adults (not children) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which involves atypical features that are present from early development. Recent Asian studies of children with ASD suggest that comprehensive investigation of the ASR and its modulation, including the startle response to weak startle stimuli, peak startle latency, and PPI, may contribute to an understanding of the impairment of the neural circuitry in children with ASD and its comorbid behavioral problems. In this review, we review recent findings on the ASR and its modulation from Asian countries, and discuss its potential use for studying sensorimotor gating and its relationship to schizophrenia and ASD. In conclusion, the ASR and its modulation can provide a well-established global neurophysiological index for translational research in psychiatric disorders. Future studies investigating the development of sensorimotor gating in early development may contribute to prevention of psychiatric disorders.
听觉惊跳反应（ASR）及其调制，包括前脉冲抑制（PPI），被认为是精神病学转化研究中很有前途的神经生理指标。几种精神障碍都报道了 PPI 的损害，但在精神分裂症中尤为明显，PPI 被认为是该疾病的候选内表型。尽管种族之间的 ASR 特征不同，但亚洲单一种族样本的最近研究与来自西方国家的许多研究一致，即精神分裂症患者表现出 PPI 受损。ASR 的 PPI 已知在 8 岁之前发展，并且只有在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的成年患者（而非儿童）中报告了 PPI 受损，而 ASD 涉及从早期发展开始出现的非典型特征。最近亚洲 ASD 儿童的研究表明，全面研究 ASR 及其调制，包括对弱惊跳刺激的惊跳反应、惊跳潜伏期峰值和 PPI，可能有助于了解 ASD 儿童的神经回路损伤及其共患行为问题。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了亚洲国家关于 ASR 及其调制的最新发现，并讨论了其在研究感觉运动门控及其与精神分裂症和 ASD 的关系方面的潜在用途。总之，ASR 及其调制可以为精神障碍的转化研究提供一个既定的全球神经生理指标。未来研究调查早期发育中感觉运动门控的发展，可能有助于预防精神障碍。
