Rajkumar T, Taju G, Abdul Majeed S, Sinwan Sajid M, Santhosh Kumar S, Sivakumar S, Thamizhvanan S, Vimal S, Sahul Hameed A S
Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India.
School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2017 Nov;76:132-142. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.06.001. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
In recent years, researchers have focused on viral and plant immunostimulants which could have beneficial effects in disease prevention and control in shrimp culture. At present, the application of the recombinant VP28 protein (r-VP28) and herbal immunostimulant has been considered as a more effective approach to prevent white spot syndrome (WSS) by enhancing the immune response in shrimp. In the present study, expression of selected immune related genes in response to r-VP28 and herbal immunostimulant mix (HIM) were separately studied qualitatively and quantitatively by RT-PCR and real time PCR, respectively during ontogenetic development from nauplius to juvenile stage in Litopenaeus vannamei. The mRNA expression level of immune related genes such as anti-lipopolysaccharides (ALF), Lysozyme, cMnSOD, Crustin, Prophenoloxidase, Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and Haemocyanin were found to be up-regulated significantly in different ontogenetic development stages of shrimp fed with r-VP28 and HIM formulated diets. Relative percent survival (RPS) was determined in shrimp fed with immunostimulants formulated diets after oral challenge with WSSV. The survival of WSSV challenged shrimp was found to be higher in immunostimulants treated groups when compared to untreated group. The results of PCR, ELISA and real time PCR revealed the absence of WSSV in WSSV-challenged shrimp after 20 days of treatment with immunostimulants. Among these immunostimulants, HIM was found to be more effective when compared to r-VP28. After a survey of literature, we are of the opinion that this might be the first report on the expression of immune genes during ontogenetic development of L. vannamei in response to immunostimulants.
近年来，研究人员一直专注于病毒和植物免疫刺激剂，它们可能对虾类养殖中的疾病预防和控制产生有益影响。目前，重组VP28蛋白（r-VP28）和草药免疫刺激剂的应用被认为是通过增强虾的免疫反应来预防白斑综合征（WSS）的更有效方法。在本研究中，分别通过RT-PCR和实时PCR对凡纳滨对虾从无节幼体到幼体阶段个体发育过程中，响应r-VP28和草药免疫刺激剂混合物（HIM）时选定免疫相关基因的表达进行了定性和定量研究。结果发现，在投喂含r-VP28和HIM配方饲料的虾的不同个体发育阶段，抗脂多糖（ALF）、溶菌酶、cMnSOD、Crustin、酚氧化酶原、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6（TRAF6）和血蓝蛋白等免疫相关基因的mRNA表达水平显著上调。在用WSSV进行口服攻毒后，测定了投喂含免疫刺激剂配方饲料的虾的相对存活率（RPS）。与未处理组相比，发现免疫刺激剂处理组中感染WSSV的虾的存活率更高。PCR、ELISA和实时PCR结果显示，在用免疫刺激剂处理20天后，感染WSSV的虾中不存在WSSV。在这些免疫刺激剂中，发现HIM比r-VP28更有效。在查阅文献后，我们认为这可能是关于凡纳滨对虾个体发育过程中免疫基因响应免疫刺激剂表达的首次报道。
