Tucker J C
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1985 Spring;9(1):101-11. doi: 10.1016/0149-7634(85)90036-3.
This paper reviews: the development of benzodiazepine binding-sites and the GABA system; the evidence that prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines can cause malformations; other persisting effects of developmental exposure to benzodiazepines; and the behavioral effects of benzodiazepines (and other relevant drugs) in immature animals. The review concentrates on the rat, since fundamental work in other species is scarce. The data on neurochemical development are found to be generally consistent; however, reports that the enhancement of benzodiazepine binding by GABA varies with age are controversial. The physical development of the rat is disturbed only by extremely high doses of benzodiazepines. The evidence for persisting effects after early exposure to benzodiazepines is impressive at first sight, but in most studies, confounding variables have not been eliminated. Startle and some learning tasks are affected by prenatal diazepam; submissiveness is affected by neonatal lorazepam; social behaviour and convulsions are affected by neonatal CGS 8216. Benzodiazepines inhibit chemically-induced seizures in neonatal rats, but the developmental profile of sensitivity to the convulsants is disputed. Benzodiazepines stimulate motor behavior in the neonatal rat.
苯二氮䓬结合位点和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）系统的发育；产前接触苯二氮䓬可导致畸形的证据；发育过程中接触苯二氮䓬的其他持续影响；以及苯二氮䓬（和其他相关药物）对未成熟动物的行为影响。由于其他物种的基础研究较少，本综述主要集中在大鼠上。神经化学发育的数据总体上是一致的；然而，关于GABA增强苯二氮䓬结合作用随年龄变化的报道存在争议。只有极高剂量的苯二氮䓬才会干扰大鼠的身体发育。早期接触苯二氮䓬后存在持续影响的证据乍一看令人印象深刻，但在大多数研究中，混杂变量并未消除。产前地西泮会影响惊跳反应和一些学习任务；新生期劳拉西泮会影响顺从性；新生期CGS 8216会影响社交行为和惊厥。苯二氮䓬可抑制新生大鼠化学诱导的惊厥，但对惊厥剂敏感性的发育情况存在争议。苯二氮䓬可刺激新生大鼠的运动行为。
