Li Lin, Neumann Ewald, Chen Zhe
Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 8140.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2017 Aug;79(6):1755-1776. doi: 10.3758/s13414-017-1327-4.
In selective attention tasks, the efficiency of processing concurrently presented target and distractor stimuli in a given display is often influenced by the relationship these stimuli have with those in the previous display. When a to-be-attended target on a current trial (the probe trial) matches the ignored, non-target distractor on a previous trial (the prime trial), a response to the target is typically delayed compared with when the two stimuli are not associated. This negative priming (NP) phenomenon has been observed in numerous studies with traditional NP tasks presenting the target and distractor simultaneously in both the prime and probe trial couplets. Here, however, in four experiments using a mixture of stimulus types (letters, digits, English number words, and logographic Chinese number words), target and distractor stimuli were temporally separated in two rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) streams instead of concurrently presented. The findings provide a conceptual replication and substantial extension of a recent study by Wong (Plos One, 7, e37023, 2012), and suggest that active suppression of irrelevant distracting information is a more ubiquitous form of cognitive control than previously thought.
在选择性注意任务中，在给定显示中同时呈现的目标刺激和干扰刺激的处理效率，常常受到这些刺激与先前显示中的刺激之间关系的影响。当当前试验（探测试验）中要被注意的目标与先前试验（启动试验）中被忽略的非目标干扰物相匹配时，与这两种刺激不相关联时相比，对目标的反应通常会延迟。在众多使用传统负启动任务的研究中都观察到了这种负启动（NP）现象，这些任务在启动试验和探测试验对中同时呈现目标和干扰物。然而，在此处的四项实验中，使用了多种刺激类型（字母、数字、英文数字单词和表意中文数字单词）的混合，目标刺激和干扰刺激在两个快速序列视觉呈现（RSVP）流中在时间上是分开的，而不是同时呈现。这些发现对Wong最近的一项研究（《公共科学图书馆·综合》，7，e37023，2012）进行了概念性重复和实质性扩展，并表明对无关干扰信息的主动抑制是一种比之前认为的更为普遍的认知控制形式。
