MacRitchie Jennifer, Herff Steffen A, Procopio Andrea, Keller Peter E
The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2018 Jul;71(7):1535-1551. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2017.1339098. Epub 2018 Jan 1.
Successful joint action requires negotiation, especially in the event of goal incongruence. This article addresses goal incongruence in joint musical performance by manipulating the congruence of score instructions (congruent/incongruent) regarding tempo (speed) and dynamics (sound intensity) given to piano duos. The aim is to investigate how co-performers negotiate incongruent instructions for tempo and dynamics by balancing the prioritisation of individual goals versus the joint outcome and how this negotiation is modulated by musical expertise and personality (locus of control). In total, 14 pairs of pianists, who were not informed of the congruence manipulation, were placed back-to-back and were directed to achieve a successful performance over four repeated performances without verbal communication. Interpersonal coordination generally improved from the first to final performance in the congruent and incongruent conditions for both the tempo and dynamics tasks. Furthermore, in incongruent conditions, results suggest that performers prioritise the joint performance in the tempo task, but prioritise their own performance in the dynamics task. Although individual performance appears to be modulated by musical expertise, the balance of individual/joint performance across the duo is not influenced by musical part (melody vs accompaniment), expressive instruction, musical expertise or locus of control.
成功的联合行动需要协商，尤其是在目标不一致的情况下。本文通过操纵给予钢琴二重奏的关于节奏（速度）和力度（声音强度）的乐谱指示的一致性（一致/不一致），探讨联合音乐表演中的目标不一致问题。目的是研究共同表演者如何通过平衡个人目标与联合结果的优先级来协商节奏和力度的不一致指示，以及这种协商如何受到音乐专业知识和个性（控制点）的调节。总共14对钢琴家，他们不知道一致性操纵的情况，背靠背就座，并被要求在四次重复表演中不进行言语交流而实现成功的表演。在节奏和力度任务的一致和不一致条件下，人际协调从第一次表演到最后一次表演总体上都有所改善。此外，在不一致条件下，结果表明表演者在节奏任务中优先考虑联合表演，但在力度任务中优先考虑自己的表演。虽然个人表现似乎受到音乐专业知识的调节，但二重奏中个人/联合表现的平衡不受音乐部分（旋律与伴奏）、表现性指示、音乐专业知识或控制点的影响。
