Durkin Kevin, Toseeb Umar, Botting Nicola, Pickles Andrew, Conti-Ramsden Gina
School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017 Jun 10;60(6):1635-1647. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0256.
The purposes of this study were to test the predictions that lower self-esteem and higher shyness in individuals with a history of language impairment (LI) would continue from adolescence into early adulthood and that those with LI would have lower social self-efficacy in early adulthood.
Participants were young people with a history of LI and a comparison group of age-matched peers. Both groups were tested at ages 17 and 24 years. Participants completed measures of language ability, nonverbal IQ, shyness, global self-esteem, and (at age 24 years only) social self-efficacy.
Young adults with LI scored lower than age-matched peers on self-esteem, higher on shyness, and lower on social self-efficacy (medium to large effect sizes). In line with expectations, in the group with LI, language ability in adolescence predicted shyness in young adulthood, which, in turn, was negatively associated with self-esteem. There was also a direct association between language ability in adolescence and self-esteem in young adulthood.
Young people with a history of LI are likely to be entering adulthood less socially confident than their peers. Interventions may be desirable for young adults with LI, and the present findings indicate social self-efficacy as a key area of social confidence that calls for practitioners' attention.
本研究的目的是检验以下预测，即有语言障碍（LI）病史的个体较低的自尊和较高的羞怯感会从青春期持续到成年早期，且有LI病史的个体在成年早期的社交自我效能感较低。
参与者为有LI病史的年轻人以及年龄匹配的同龄人组成的对照组。两组在17岁和24岁时接受测试。参与者完成了语言能力、非言语智商、羞怯感、总体自尊以及（仅在24岁时）社交自我效能感的测量。
有LI病史的年轻成年人在自尊方面得分低于年龄匹配的同龄人，在羞怯感方面得分较高，在社交自我效能感方面得分较低（效应量为中等至较大）。正如预期的那样，在有LI病史的组中，青春期的语言能力可预测成年早期的羞怯感，而羞怯感又与自尊呈负相关。青春期的语言能力与成年早期的自尊之间也存在直接关联。
有LI病史的年轻人进入成年期时，其社交自信可能不如同龄人。对于有LI病史的年轻成年人，可能需要进行干预，目前的研究结果表明社交自我效能感是社交自信的一个关键领域，值得从业者关注。
