Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection that causes majority of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Prophylactic HPV vaccine is available for the primary prevention of cancer and HPV transmission. Here, we are going to discuss the variation of HPV prevalence, HPV vaccination coverage and potential risk factors of men and women, retrieved from the cross-sectional study of the National Health Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative sample of noninstitutionalized, civilian residents in the USA. The overall penile HPV prevalence in men was 45.2% and the high risk oncogenic HPV prevalence defined by DNA testing was 25.1% that appeared to be widespread among all the age groups, which contrasts the vaginal HPV prevalence of 26.8% in women.