Chacko Ranjitha, Rajan Amala, Lionel Prabha, Thilagavathi M, Yadav Bijesh, Premkumar Jeyarani
Nurse Manager, Medical ICU, and Lecturer, College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Professor, College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Br J Nurs. 2017 Jun 8;26(11):594-599. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2017.26.11.594.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the major nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit (ICU), contributing to increased mortality and morbidity. Studies have shown that oral decontamination through the use of mechanical and pharmacological agents significantly reduces the incidence of VAP, but oral care practices in ICUs are not consistent. A double-blind randomised controlled trial was undertaken in the medical ICU of a tertiary care centre in India, to assess the efficacy of a toothbrush-based oral care technique in reducing incidence of VAP. Tooth-brushing with concurrent suctioning technique was not proved to be superior to mouth-swabbing. The greatest risk factor for developing VAP was the number of ventilator days (length of time on a ventilator). There was a statistical association between gender and presence of antibiotics with VAP.
呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）是重症监护病房（ICU）主要的医院感染之一，会导致死亡率和发病率上升。研究表明，通过使用机械和药物制剂进行口腔去污可显著降低VAP的发生率，但ICU中的口腔护理做法并不一致。在印度一家三级护理中心的内科ICU进行了一项双盲随机对照试验，以评估基于牙刷的口腔护理技术在降低VAP发生率方面的疗效。事实证明，同时采用吸引技术的刷牙方法并不优于口腔擦拭。发生VAP的最大风险因素是呼吸机使用天数（使用呼吸机的时长）。性别和使用抗生素与VAP之间存在统计学关联。
