Torrisi Lorenzo, Restuccia Nancy, Paterniti Irene
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche - MIFT, Universita di Messina, S. Agata (ME), Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche - CBFA, Universita di Messina, S. Agata (ME), Italy.
Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2018 Feb 14;12(1):59-69. doi: 10.2174/1872210511666170609093433.
Gold nanoparticles, 5-20 nm in diameter, were generated with a pulsed Nd: YAG laser at 1010 W/cm2 at solution concentrations ranging between 1-100 mg/ml. The incremental X-ray contrast imaging using gold nanoparticles was investigated and measured. The study was performed with the aim to enhance the massive absorption coefficient of X-ray radiation in the tumor for medical image quality and to improve traditional X-ray radiotherapy or proton therapy. A simulation of proton therapy improvement was conducted using a human ocular melanoma model, placed 3 cm behind the eye lens, and testing 60 MeV protons. Calculations suggest that the local injection of a solution containing Au-NPs may increase the proton energy released in the tumor above 50%, with the dose in the surrounding tissues leading to an increased probability of tissue healing. A discussion on recent patents in the ambit of the preparation and use of Au nanoparticles in medical imaging and therapy is presented.
Au nanoparticles were characterized using optical absorbance, X-ray fluorescence, SEM, and TEM microscopies. Biocompatible nanoparticle solutions were injected intravenously into tail veins of mice followed by X-ray imaging using 20-45 keV photons to evaluate the uptake and the clearance by different organs of the nanoparticles.
Diagnostic X-ray images of mice in which the Au-NPs were injected showed high spatial resolution contrast of different organs having high up-take. A calculation of the dose released by X-rays, electrons and protons to the tumor site demonstrates that an increment of the order of 50% can be obtained using adapt solution concentration.
The use of Au-NPs in biocompatible solutions injected in living organism permits their blood transport up to different organs. The NPs can be employed as contrast medium to enhance the medical image resolution and to prepare the cancer tissues to be exposed to ionization radiations in order to enhance the dose released to the tumor cells. This effect permits to reduce the total dose given to the patient and to increase the dose released to the tumor cells with respect to healthy ones.
采用脉冲Nd:YAG激光，在溶液浓度为1 - 100 mg/ml范围内、功率密度为1010 W/cm²的条件下，生成了直径为5 - 20 nm的金纳米颗粒。对使用金纳米颗粒的增量X射线造影成像进行了研究和测量。开展该研究的目的是提高肿瘤中X射线辐射的质量吸收系数以改善医学图像质量，并改进传统的X射线放疗或质子治疗。利用置于晶状体后方3 cm处的人眼黑色素瘤模型并测试60 MeV质子，对质子治疗的改进进行了模拟。计算结果表明，局部注射含金纳米颗粒的溶液可使肿瘤中释放的质子能量增加50%以上，同时周围组织中的剂量增加会提高组织愈合的概率。本文还讨论了金纳米颗粒在医学成像和治疗中的制备及应用方面的近期专利。
使用光吸收、X射线荧光、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对金纳米颗粒进行表征。将生物相容性纳米颗粒溶液静脉注射到小鼠尾静脉中，随后使用20 - 45 keV光子进行X射线成像，以评估纳米颗粒在不同器官中的摄取和清除情况。
注射了金纳米颗粒的小鼠的诊断性X射线图像显示，不同摄取量高的器官具有高空间分辨率对比度。对X射线、电子和质子释放到肿瘤部位的剂量进行的计算表明，使用合适的溶液浓度可使剂量增加约50%。
在生物相容性溶液中使用金纳米颗粒并注入生物体后，它们可通过血液运输至不同器官。这些纳米颗粒可用作造影剂，以提高医学图像分辨率，并使癌组织暴露于电离辐射，从而增加释放到肿瘤细胞的剂量。这种效果有助于减少给予患者的总剂量，并相对于健康细胞增加释放到肿瘤细胞的剂量。
