Gómez González N E, Cabas I, Rodenas M C, Arizcun M, Mulero V, García Ayala A
Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2017 Nov;76:143-149. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.06.002. Epub 2017 Jun 10.
17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE), a synthetic estrogen used in most oral contraceptives pills and hormone replacement therapies, is found in many water bodies, where it can modulate the fish immune response. EE acts as an endocrine disruptor in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., a marine teleost fish of great economic value in Mediterranean aquaculture, as it induces hepatic vitellogenin gene (vtg) expression. Moreover, EE also alters the capacity of gilthead seabream to appropriately respond to infection although it does not behave as an immunosuppressor. Nevertheless, these previous studies have mainly focused on the head kidney leukocytes and no information exists on peritoneal leukocytes, including mast cells. In the present work, juvenile gilthead seabream fish were fed a pellet diet supplemented with EE for 76 days and intraperitoneally injected with hemocyanin plus imject alum adjuvant at the end of EE treatment and 92 days later, and the peritoneal immune response was analyzed. EE supplementation induced vtg expression but returned to basal levels by 3 months post-treatment. Interestingly, gilthead seabream peritoneal leukocytes express the genes encoding for the nuclear estrogen receptor α and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 and the dietary intake of EE induced these expression. Moreover, EE induced an inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity in unvaccinated fish, which was largely maintained for several months after the cessation of the treatment. However, the impact of EE in vaccinated fish was rather minor and transient. Taken together, the study provides fresh information about endocrine immune disruption, focusing on peritoneal leukocytes.
17α-乙炔雌二醇（EE）是一种用于大多数口服避孕药和激素替代疗法的合成雌激素，在许多水体中都能找到，它可以调节鱼类的免疫反应。EE在地中海养殖中具有重要经济价值的硬骨鱼——金头鲷（Sparus aurata L.）中作为一种内分泌干扰物发挥作用，因为它能诱导肝脏卵黄蛋白原基因（vtg）的表达。此外，EE虽然不表现为免疫抑制剂，但也会改变金头鲷对感染做出适当反应的能力。然而，这些先前的研究主要集中在头肾白细胞上，关于包括肥大细胞在内的腹膜白细胞的信息却不存在。在本研究中，给幼年金头鲷投喂添加了EE的颗粒饲料76天，并在EE处理结束时腹腔注射血蓝蛋白加Imject明矾佐剂，92天后分析腹膜免疫反应。补充EE会诱导vtg表达，但在处理后3个月恢复到基础水平。有趣的是，金头鲷腹膜白细胞表达编码核雌激素受体α和G蛋白偶联雌激素受体1的基因，EE的饮食摄入会诱导这些基因表达。此外，EE在未接种疫苗的鱼的腹腔中诱导了炎症反应，在停止处理后的几个月里这种反应在很大程度上持续存在。然而，EE对接种疫苗的鱼的影响相当小且是短暂的。综上所述，该研究提供了关于内分泌免疫干扰的新信息，重点关注腹膜白细胞。
