Makinde O, Björkqvist K, Österman K
Peace and Conflict Research & Developmental Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, P.O. Box 311, 65101 Vasa, Finland.
Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2016 May 3;3:e16. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2016.10. eCollection 2016.
The objective was to investigate the relationships between overcrowding, domestic violence, and antisocial behaviour in a sample of adolescents in Lagos metropolitan area, Nigeria. Possible gender differences and differences due to religious affiliation concerning domestic violence and antisocial behaviour were also investigated.
A questionnaire was filled in by 238 Nigerian adolescents, 12-20 years of age; the sample included 122 females ( = 15.1 years, s.d. = 2.0) and 116 males ( = 15.8 years, s.d. = 2.0). The respondents were from junior and senior secondary schools in Ejigbo and surrounding cities (Isolo, Egbe and Ago-Palace Lagos). Six scales were included: adolescents as victims of adult and sibling aggression, respectively, witnessing of domestic violence, parental negativity towards adolescents, antisocial behaviour among adolescents and poverty in the home. Overcrowding, gender and religious affiliation served as independent variables.
According to a multivariate analysis of variance with level of poverty as covariate, overcrowding showed significant associations with four of five scales measuring aggressive and antisocial behaviours. Gender and religion were associated with three variables each. However, multiple regression analyses revealed that overcrowding tended to partial out the effects of both gender and religion showing that overcrowding was the most important factor determining negative outcomes.
The results have implications for housing policies in Nigeria. Moreover, these results may also have implications for research and policy making in other nations and parts of the world.
目的是调查尼日利亚拉各斯大都市区青少年样本中过度拥挤、家庭暴力和反社会行为之间的关系。还调查了家庭暴力和反社会行为方面可能存在的性别差异以及宗教信仰差异。
238名12至20岁的尼日利亚青少年填写了一份问卷；样本包括122名女性（平均年龄=15.1岁，标准差=2.0）和116名男性（平均年龄=15.8岁，标准差=2.0）。受访者来自埃吉博及周边城市（伊索洛、埃格贝和拉各斯阿戈宫）的初中和高中。问卷包含六个量表：青少年分别作为成人和兄弟姐妹攻击行为的受害者、目睹家庭暴力、父母对青少年的消极态度、青少年中的反社会行为以及家庭贫困。过度拥挤、性别和宗教信仰作为自变量。
以贫困水平作为协变量进行多变量方差分析，过度拥挤与测量攻击和反社会行为的五个量表中的四个显示出显著关联。性别和宗教分别与三个变量相关。然而，多元回归分析表明，过度拥挤往往会部分消除性别和宗教的影响，表明过度拥挤是决定负面结果的最重要因素。
研究结果对尼日利亚的住房政策具有启示意义。此外，这些结果可能也对世界其他国家和地区的研究及政策制定具有启示意义。
