Polymenis Michael, Kennedy Brian K
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1002:189-208. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_8.
Usually, cells balance their growth with their division. Coordinating growth inputs with cell division ensures the proper timing of division when sufficient cell material is available and affects the overall rate of cell proliferation. At a very fundamental level, cellular replicative lifespan-defined as the number of times a cell can divide, is a manifestation of cell cycle control. Hence, control of mitotic cell divisions, especially when the commitment is made to a new round of cell division, is intimately linked to replicative aging of cells. In this chapter, we review our current understanding, and its shortcomings, of how unbalanced growth and division, can dramatically influence the proliferative potential of cells, often leading to cellular and organismal aging phenotypes. The interplay between growth and division also underpins cellular senescence (i.e., inability to divide) and quiescence, when cells exit the cell cycle but still retain their ability to divide.
通常情况下，细胞会平衡其生长与分裂。将生长输入与细胞分裂相协调，可确保在有足够细胞物质时进行适当的分裂时间安排，并影响细胞增殖的总体速率。在非常基本的层面上，细胞复制寿命（定义为细胞能够分裂的次数）是细胞周期调控的一种表现。因此，有丝分裂细胞分裂的控制，尤其是当决定进入新一轮细胞分裂时，与细胞的复制性衰老密切相关。在本章中，我们回顾了我们目前对于不平衡的生长与分裂如何能够显著影响细胞增殖潜能（通常导致细胞和机体衰老表型）的理解及其不足之处。生长与分裂之间的相互作用还支撑着细胞衰老（即无法分裂）和静止状态，此时细胞退出细胞周期但仍保留其分裂能力。
