State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2017 Oct;59(10):710-735. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12559. Epub 2017 Aug 21.
Increasing crop yields can provide food, animal feed, bioenergy feedstocks and biomaterials to meet increasing global demand; however, the methods used to increase yield can negatively affect sustainability. For example, application of excess fertilizer can generate and maintain high yields but also increases input costs and contributes to environmental damage through eutrophication, soil acidification and air pollution. Improving crop nutrient efficiency can improve agricultural sustainability by increasing yield while decreasing input costs and harmful environmental effects. Here, we review the mechanisms of nutrient efficiency (primarily for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron) and breeding strategies for improving this trait, along with the role of regulation of gene expression in enhancing crop nutrient efficiency to increase yields. We focus on the importance of root system architecture to improve nutrient acquisition efficiency, as well as the contributions of mineral translocation, remobilization and metabolic efficiency to nutrient utilization efficiency.
提高作物产量可以提供食物、动物饲料、生物能源原料和生物材料，以满足全球日益增长的需求；然而，用于提高产量的方法可能会对可持续性产生负面影响。例如，过量施用化肥可以产生和维持高产量，但也会增加投入成本，并通过富营养化、土壤酸化和空气污染对环境造成损害。通过提高产量、降低投入成本和减少有害环境影响来提高作物养分效率，可以提高农业的可持续性。在这里，我们回顾了养分效率（主要是氮、磷、钾和铁）的机制和改良这一特性的育种策略，以及基因表达调控在提高作物养分效率以提高产量方面的作用。我们重点讨论了根系结构对提高养分吸收效率的重要性，以及矿物质转运、再利用和代谢效率对养分利用效率的贡献。
