Kosova A A, Khodyreva S N, Lavrik O I
Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2017 Jun;82(6):643-654. doi: 10.1134/S0006297917060013.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is widely known as a glycolytic enzyme. Nevertheless, various functions of GAPDH have been found that are unrelated to glycolysis. Some of these functions presume interaction of GAPDH with DNA, but the mechanism of its translocation to the nucleus is not fully understood. When in the nucleus, GAPDH participates in the initiation of apoptosis and transcription of genes involved in antiapoptotic pathways and cell proliferation and plays a role in the regulation of telomere length. Several authors have shown that GAPDH displays the uracil-DNA glycosylase activity and interacts with some types of DNA damages, such as apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, nucleotide analogs, and covalent DNA adducts with alkylating agents. Moreover, GAPDH can interact with proteins participating in DNA repair, such as APE1, PARP1, HMGB1, and HMGB2. In this review, the functions of GAPDH associated with DNA repair are discussed in detail.
甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPDH）广为人知是一种糖酵解酶。然而，已发现GAPDH的各种功能与糖酵解无关。其中一些功能推测GAPDH与DNA相互作用，但其转运至细胞核的机制尚未完全了解。当在细胞核中时，GAPDH参与凋亡的起始以及抗凋亡途径和细胞增殖相关基因的转录，并在端粒长度的调节中发挥作用。几位作者已表明，GAPDH具有尿嘧啶-DNA糖基化酶活性，并与某些类型的DNA损伤相互作用，如脱嘌呤/脱嘧啶位点、核苷酸类似物以及与烷基化剂形成的共价DNA加合物。此外，GAPDH可与参与DNA修复的蛋白质相互作用，如APE1、PARP1、HMGB1和HMGB2。在本综述中，将详细讨论与DNA修复相关的GAPDH的功能。
