Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2023 Apr 24;80(5):130. doi: 10.1007/s00018-023-04781-0.
It is not often realized that the absolute protein specificity is an exception rather than a rule. Two major kinds of protein multi-specificities are promiscuity and moonlighting. This review discusses the idea of enzyme specificity and then focusses on moonlighting. Some important examples of protein moonlighting, such as crystallins, ceruloplasmin, metallothioniens, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism are discussed. How protein plasticity and intrinsic disorder enable the removing the distinction between enzymes and other biologically active proteins are outlined. Finally, information on important roles of moonlighting in human diseases is updated.
人们往往没有意识到，绝对的蛋白质特异性是例外而非规则。蛋白质的两种主要多功能性是混杂性和兼职性。本文讨论了酶特异性的概念，然后重点讨论了兼职性。文中还讨论了一些重要的蛋白质兼职的例子，如晶体蛋白、铜蓝蛋白、金属硫蛋白、巨噬细胞移动抑制因子和碳水化合物代谢酶。文中还概述了蛋白质的可塑性和内在无序性如何使酶和其他具有生物活性的蛋白质之间的区别变得模糊。最后，更新了关于兼职在人类疾病中重要作用的信息。
