Azevedo Márcia Cristina Costa, Gomes-Gonçalves Rafaela de Sousa, Mattos Tailan Moretti, Uehara Wagner, Guedes Gustavo Henrique Soares, Araújo Francisco Gerson
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, BR 465, Km 7 23851-930, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, BR 465, Km 7 23851-930, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
Mar Environ Res. 2017 Aug;129:180-188. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.05.007. Epub 2017 May 30.
Several species of marine fish use different coastal systems especially during their early development. However, these habitats are jeopardized by anthropogenic influences threatening the success of fish populations, and urgent measures are needed to priorize areas to protect their sustainability. We applied taxonomic (Δ+) and functional (X+) distinctiveness indices that represent taxonomic composition and functional roles to assess biodiversity of three different costal systems: bays, coastal lagoons and oceanic beaches. We hypothesized that difference in habitat characteristics, especially in the more dynamism and habitat homogeneity of oceanic beaches compared with more habitat diversity and sheltered conditions of bays and coastal lagoons results in differences in fish richness and taxonomic and functional diversity. The main premise is that communities phylogenetically and functionally more distinct have more interest in conservation policies. Significant differences (P < 0.004) were found in the species richness, Δ+ and X+ among the three systems according to PERMANOVA. Fish richness was higher in bays compared with the coastal lagoons and oceanic beaches. Higher Δ+ was found for the coastal lagoons compared with the bays and oceanic beaches, with the bays having some values below the confidence limit. Similar patterns were found for X+, although all values were within the confidence limits for the bays, suggesting that the absence of some taxa does not interfere in functional diversity. The hypothesis that taxonomic and functional structure of fish assemblages differ among the three systems was accepted and we suggest that coastal lagoons should be priorized in conservation programs because they support more taxonomic and functional distinctiveness.
几种海洋鱼类在其早期发育阶段尤其会利用不同的沿海系统。然而，这些栖息地正受到人为影响的威胁，危及鱼类种群的繁衍，因此需要采取紧急措施来优先保护区域以确保其可持续性。我们应用了代表分类组成和功能角色的分类（Δ+）和功能（X+）独特性指数，来评估三种不同沿海系统（海湾、沿海泻湖和海洋海滩）的生物多样性。我们假设，栖息地特征的差异，特别是与海湾和沿海泻湖更多样化的栖息地和庇护条件相比，海洋海滩的动态性更强且栖息地同质性更高，这导致了鱼类丰富度以及分类和功能多样性的差异。主要前提是，在系统发育和功能上更独特的群落对保护政策更具重要性。根据PERMANOVA分析，在这三个系统的物种丰富度以及Δ+和X+方面发现了显著差异（P < 0.004）。与沿海泻湖和海洋海滩相比，海湾中的鱼类丰富度更高。与海湾和海洋海滩相比，沿海泻湖的Δ+更高，海湾的一些值低于置信区间。X+也呈现出类似模式，尽管海湾的所有值都在置信区间内，这表明某些分类群的缺失并不影响功能多样性。鱼类群落的分类和功能结构在这三个系统中存在差异这一假设得到了认可，我们建议在保护计划中应优先考虑沿海泻湖，因为它们具有更高的分类和功能独特性。
