McEvoy Peter M, Hayes Sarra, Hasking Penelope A, Rees Clare S
School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Australia.
School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2017 Dec;57:163-171. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.05.010. Epub 2017 Jun 2.
The aim of this study was to examine the frequency, content, and appraisals of thoughts and images occurring during urges to engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).
Undergraduates (N = 154) with a history of NSSI completed an online survey of their thoughts, images, and appraisals when they acted on urges to engage in NSSI as well as when they resisted urges to self-injure.
Most (>90%) participants reported experiencing both thoughts and images during urges to engage in NSSI. During urges that resulted in self-injury, self-critical and hopeless thoughts were most distressing, and thoughts about relief from emotional distress were most comforting. Images of the anticipated injury were most common. During urges that did not result in self-injury themes of the futility of NSSI, positive self-talk, and the impact on others were most common. Images were most frequently of the negative impact on self and others, and the anticipated injury. Appraisals encouraging NSSI occurred when individuals did and did not act on their urges, but concurrent strong discouraging appraisals appeared to be protective on occasions when urges did not result in self-injury.
Retrospective self-report was used to assess cognitive content. Generalisability of findings to non-student samples needs to be assessed.
Findings from this study may inform comprehensive assessment of thoughts and images associated with urges to engage in NSSI. NSSI interventions may need to promote thoughts, imagery and appraisals that discourage NSSI whilst simultaneously modifying cognitions that encourage NSSI.
本研究旨在探讨在产生非自杀性自伤（NSSI）冲动期间出现的想法、意象的频率、内容及评估。
有NSSI史的本科生（N = 154）完成了一项在线调查，内容涉及他们在按照NSSI冲动行事以及抵制自伤冲动时的想法、意象及评估。
大多数（>90%）参与者报告在产生NSSI冲动期间经历了想法和意象。在导致自伤的冲动期间，自我批评和绝望的想法最令人痛苦，而关于缓解情绪困扰的想法最令人宽慰。预期受伤的意象最为常见。在未导致自伤的冲动期间，NSSI无用、积极的自我对话以及对他人的影响等主题最为常见。意象最常涉及对自己和他人的负面影响以及预期的伤害。当个体按照冲动行事或未按照冲动行事时，都会出现鼓励NSSI的评估，但在冲动未导致自伤的情况下，同时出现的强烈劝阻评估似乎具有保护作用。
采用回顾性自我报告来评估认知内容。研究结果对非学生样本的可推广性需要评估。
本研究结果可为全面评估与NSSI冲动相关的想法和意象提供参考。NSSI干预可能需要促进那些劝阻NSSI的想法、意象和评估，同时改变那些鼓励NSSI的认知。
