Carroll Michael, Zhou Xiaohui
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, the University of Connecticut, 61 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-3089, United States; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
Microbiol Res. 2017 Aug;201:63-74. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.04.012. Epub 2017 May 10.
The elucidation of the CRISPR (clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats) adaptive immune system endogenous to most microbial life has culminated in progress in a diversity of scientific disciplines. The concurrently promising and eccentric nature of its theoretically plausible applications has wrought enthusiasm in the research community globally, potentiating advancements in human and animal health, ecological stability, and economic wellbeing, that would hitherto be considered the unattainable fancies of a futurist. It may be supposed that the tomes of science fiction are the true books of prophecy. Here, we narrate the scientific dialogue regarding CRISPR/Cas biotechnologies, from the happenstantial initial observation of the locus to the litany of intriguing contemporary endeavors. We discuss the mechanistic underpinnings in detail, and the corpulent body of literature on CRISPR-based biotech is digested into a germane and informative review. CRISPR applications such as microbiome engineering in order to enhance the human immune system beyond the fortitude of the wild type, bacterial genome editing in industrial and medical aspects, conquering antibiotic resistance, the development of novel antimicrobial techniques, the harvesting of solventogenic microbes, the development of antifungal therapies, and investigation of the genetic properties of fungi, are here represented, and the authors posit unconventional, and at times gainfully tangential, thoughts and concepts in order to encourage a reflective disposition towards this sophisticated device of nature: a panacea in progress, such that the most impassive and technical writing still carries the ring of poetry.
对大多数微生物生命所固有的CRISPR（成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列）适应性免疫系统的阐释，已经在众多科学学科中取得了进展。其理论上可行的应用既充满前景又独具特色，在全球研究界引发了热情，推动了人类和动物健康、生态稳定及经济福祉方面的进步，而这些进步在以前可能被视为未来主义者难以实现的幻想。或许可以说，科幻小说才是真正的预言书。在此，我们讲述关于CRISPR/Cas生物技术的科学对话，从对该位点偶然的最初观察到一系列引人入胜的当代研究。我们详细讨论其机制基础，并将大量关于基于CRISPR的生物技术的文献提炼成一篇相关且信息丰富的综述。本文展示了CRISPR的应用，如微生物组工程以增强人类免疫系统超越野生型的强度、工业和医学方面的细菌基因组编辑、克服抗生素耐药性、开发新型抗菌技术、收获产溶剂微生物、开发抗真菌疗法以及研究真菌的遗传特性，作者还提出了非传统的、有时颇具启发性的想法和概念，以鼓励对这种大自然的精妙工具进行反思：一种正在发展的万灵药，以至于最平淡和技术性的文字仍带有诗意的回响。
