Zhelezova Alena, Cederlund Harald, Stenström John
Soil Biology Department, Soil Science Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991.
V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Pyzhyovskiy lane 7 building 2, Moscow, Russian Federation 119017.
Water Air Soil Pollut. 2017;228(6):216. doi: 10.1007/s11270-017-3392-7. Epub 2017 May 25.
Biochar amendment can alter soil properties, for instance, the ability to adsorb and degrade different chemicals. However, ageing of the biochar, due to processes occurring in the soil over time, can influence such biochar-mediated effects. This study examined how biochar affected adsorption and degradation of two herbicides, glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine) and diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) in soil and how these effects were modulated by ageing of the biochar. One sandy and one clayey soil that had been freshly amended with a wood-based biochar (0, 1, 10, 20 and 30% /) were studied. An ageing experiment, in which the soil-biochar mixtures were aged for 3.5 months in the laboratory, was also performed. Adsorption and degradation were studied in these soil and soil-biochar mixtures, and compared to results from a soil historically enriched with charcoal. Biochar amendment increased the pH in both soils and increased the water-holding capacity of the sandy soil. Adsorption of diuron was enhanced by biochar amendment in both soils, while glyphosate adsorption was decreased in the sandy soil. Ageing of soil-biochar mixtures decreased adsorption of both herbicides in comparison with freshly biochar-amended soil. Herbicide degradation rates were not consistently affected by biochar amendment or ageing in any of the soils. However, glyphosate half-lives correlated with the Freundlich Kf values in the clayey soil, indicating that degradation was limited by availability there.
生物炭改良可改变土壤性质，例如吸附和降解不同化学物质的能力。然而，由于土壤中随时间发生的过程导致生物炭老化，会影响这种生物炭介导的效应。本研究考察了生物炭如何影响土壤中两种除草剂草甘膦（N-(膦酰基甲基)甘氨酸）和敌草隆（3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲）的吸附和降解，以及生物炭老化如何调节这些效应。研究了一种砂质土壤和一种黏质土壤，这两种土壤均新添加了木质生物炭（0%、1%、10%、20%和30%）。还进行了一项老化实验，将土壤-生物炭混合物在实验室中老化3.5个月。对这些土壤和土壤-生物炭混合物中的吸附和降解进行了研究，并与历史上富含木炭的土壤的结果进行了比较。生物炭改良提高了两种土壤的pH值，并增加了砂质土壤的持水能力。在两种土壤中，生物炭改良均增强了敌草隆的吸附，而在砂质土壤中草甘膦的吸附减少。与新添加生物炭的土壤相比，土壤-生物炭混合物的老化降低了两种除草剂的吸附。在任何一种土壤中，除草剂降解率均未受到生物炭改良或老化的一致影响。然而，在黏质土壤中，草甘膦的半衰期与弗伦德利希Kf值相关，表明那里的降解受有效性限制。
