Denson Damian J, Padgett Paige M, Pitts Nicole, Paz-Bailey Gabriela, Bingham Trista, Carlos Juli-Ann, McCann Pamela, Prachand Nikhil, Risser Jan, Finlayson Teresa
*Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, NCHHSTP, CDC, Atlanta, GA; †Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX; ‡Health, Research, Informatics, and Technology Division, ICF International, Atlanta, GA; §Division of HIV and STD Programs, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA; ‖Office of LGBT Health, STI/HIV/AIDS Division, Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL; ¶STI/HIV/AIDS Division, Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL; and #Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 Jul 1;75 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S268-S275. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001402.
HIV prevalence estimates among transgender women in the United States are high, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities. Despite increased HIV risk and evidence of racial disparities in HIV prevalence among transgender women, few data are available to inform HIV prevention efforts.
A transgender HIV-related behavioral survey conducted in 2009 in 3 US metropolitan areas (Chicago, Houston, and Los Angeles County), used respondent-driven sampling to recruit 227 black (n = 139) and Latina (n = 88) transgender women. We present descriptive statistics on sociodemographic, health care, and HIV-risk behaviors.
Of 227 transgender women enrolled, most were economically and socially disadvantaged: 73% had an annual income of less than $15,000; 62% lacked health insurance; 61% were unemployed; and 46% reported being homeless in the past 12 months. Most (80%) had visited a health care provider and over half (58%) had tested for HIV in the past 12 months. Twenty-nine percent of those who reported having an HIV test in the past 24 months self-reported being HIV positive. Most of the sample reported hormone use (67%) in the past 12 months and most hormone use was under clinical supervision (70%). Forty-nine percent reported condomless anal sex in the past 12 months and 16% reported ever injecting drugs.
These findings reveal the socioeconomic challenges and behavioral risks often associated with high HIV risk reported by black and Latina transgender women. Despite low health insurance coverage, the results suggest opportunities to engage transgender women in HIV prevention and care given their high reported frequency of accessing health care providers.
美国跨性别女性中的艾滋病毒流行率估计很高，尤其是在少数种族/族裔群体中。尽管跨性别女性感染艾滋病毒的风险增加，且有证据表明艾滋病毒流行率存在种族差异，但可供指导艾滋病毒预防工作的数据却很少。
2009年在美国3个大都市地区（芝加哥、休斯顿和洛杉矶县）进行了一项与跨性别者艾滋病毒相关的行为调查，采用应答者驱动抽样方法招募了227名黑人（n = 139）和拉丁裔（n = 88）跨性别女性。我们呈现了关于社会人口统计学、医疗保健和艾滋病毒风险行为的描述性统计数据。
在登记的227名跨性别女性中，大多数在经济和社会方面处于不利地位：73%的人年收入低于15,000美元；62%的人没有医疗保险；61%的人失业；46%的人报告在过去12个月内无家可归。大多数人（80%）曾就医，超过一半（58%）在过去12个月内进行过艾滋病毒检测。在过去24个月内报告进行过艾滋病毒检测的人中，29%自我报告为艾滋病毒阳性。大多数样本报告在过去12个月内使用过激素（67%），且大多数激素使用是在临床监督下进行的（70%）。49%的人报告在过去12个月内有无保护肛交行为，16%的人报告曾注射过毒品。
这些发现揭示了黑人和拉丁裔跨性别女性报告的与高艾滋病毒风险相关联的社会经济挑战和行为风险。尽管医疗保险覆盖率较低，但结果表明，鉴于她们报告的就医频率较高，有机会让跨性别女性参与艾滋病毒预防和护理工作。
