Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: tfilipou@med/uoa.gr.
Clin Breast Cancer. 2017 Oct;17(6):408-417. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.05.003. Epub 2017 May 19.
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer in women. Its pathogenesis involves genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. A large body of evidence indicates that physical activity has positive effects on every aspect of breast cancer evolution, including prevention, medical treatment, and aftercare clinical settings. Thus, different types of exercise can influence the prevention and progression of the disease through several common mechanisms, such as reduction of insulin resistance and improvement of immunity and cardiovascular function. Furthermore, acute and chronic symptoms of breast cancer, such as cachexia, muscle mass loss, fatigue, cardiotoxicity, weight gain, hormone alterations, bone loss, and psychologic adverse effects, may all be favorably influenced by regular exercise. We review the relation of intensity and duration of exercise with potential pathophysiologic pathways, including obesity-related hormones and sex steroid hormone production, oxidative stress, epigenetic alterations such as DNA hypomethylation, and changes in telomere length, within the context of the beneficial effects of exercise. The potential role of exercise in reducing the intensity of the adverse effects that result from breast cancer and anticancer treatment is also discussed.
乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症类型之一。其发病机制涉及遗传、激素和环境因素。大量证据表明，身体活动对乳腺癌演变的各个方面都有积极影响，包括预防、治疗和康复临床环境。因此，不同类型的运动可以通过几种常见的机制影响疾病的预防和进展，如降低胰岛素抵抗和改善免疫和心血管功能。此外，乳腺癌的急性和慢性症状，如恶病质、肌肉质量损失、疲劳、心脏毒性、体重增加、激素改变、骨丢失和心理不良影响，都可以通过定期运动得到有利影响。我们回顾了运动强度和持续时间与潜在病理生理途径的关系，包括与肥胖相关的激素和性激素产生、氧化应激、表观遗传改变，如 DNA 低甲基化，以及端粒长度的变化，在运动的有益影响的背景下。还讨论了运动在减轻乳腺癌和抗癌治疗所致不良反应强度方面的潜在作用。
