Hewitt Jennifer A, Mokbel Kefah, van Someren Ken A, Jewell Andrew P, Garrod Rachel
School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Kingston, Surrey, United Kingdom.
Int J Fertil Womens Med. 2005 Sep-Oct;50(5 Pt 1):231-9.
To date, all epidemiological research in this area has focused on the relationship between physical activity level and the risk of breast cancer in healthy women, or more recently, those who have recovered from the disease. Most of this research highlights the fact that those women who are physically active are at a reduced risk of the disease. Although physical activity is similar to exercise, it lacks the specificity of a prescribed exercise training program. Consequently, such research can only be viewed as a promising indicator of the beneficial effect that regular exercise may have for breast cancer survivors. Furthermore, due to the nature of such research, there has been a failure to provide specific evidence concerning the most suitable modality, duration, intensity, and frequency of training for risk reduction in breast cancer survivors. Thus, evidence aiding the correct prescription of exercise for this population has been lacking. More promising evidence is provided by randomized controlled trials, which examine the effect of exercise on specific risk factors and provide convincing scientific rationale for the use of exercise among breast cancer survivors. These studies not only provide understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which exercise can be effective at aiding a reduction in breast cancer risk, but also allow conclusions on the correct prescription to be drawn. Additionally, exercise has proven to be effective in combating cancer-related fatigue (CRF), significantly improving both quality of life outcomes (QOL) and physiological capacity in women who have survived breast cancer. In order to promote a wider understanding of the beneficial effect that exercise holds for this population regarding reduction of breast cancer risk and CRF, this review discusses this research, making conclusions regarding the necessary training prescription to elicit such benefits.
迄今为止，该领域的所有流行病学研究都聚焦于健康女性，或者最近聚焦于已从乳腺癌康复的女性的身体活动水平与患癌风险之间的关系。这项研究大多强调了身体活跃的女性患癌风险较低这一事实。尽管身体活动与运动类似，但它缺乏规定运动训练计划的特异性。因此，此类研究只能被视为定期运动可能对乳腺癌幸存者产生有益影响的一个有前景的指标。此外，由于此类研究的性质，未能提供关于乳腺癌幸存者降低风险的最合适运动方式、持续时间、强度和频率的具体证据。因此，一直缺乏有助于为该人群正确开具运动处方的证据。随机对照试验提供了更有前景的证据，这些试验研究了运动对特定风险因素的影响，并为乳腺癌幸存者使用运动提供了令人信服的科学依据。这些研究不仅有助于理解运动能有效降低乳腺癌风险的生理机制，还能得出正确处方的结论。此外，运动已被证明能有效对抗癌症相关疲劳（CRF），显著改善乳腺癌幸存者的生活质量结果（QOL）和生理能力。为了更广泛地理解运动对该人群在降低乳腺癌风险和对抗CRF方面的有益影响，本综述讨论了这项研究，并就产生此类益处所需的训练处方得出结论。
