Norouzirad Reza, González-Muniesa Pedro, Ghasemi Asghar
Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:5350267. doi: 10.1155/2017/5350267. Epub 2017 May 8.
The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing worldwide. Obesity and diabetes are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Obesity, a chronic hypoxic state that is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is involved in the regulation of several genes of the metabolic pathways including proinflammatory adipokines, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and insulin signaling components. It seems that adipose tissue hypoxia and NO-dependent vascular and cellular dysfunctions are responsible for other consequences linked to obesity-related disorders. Although hyperoxia could reverse hypoxic-related disorders, it increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases the production of NO. Nitrate can restore NO depletion and has antioxidant properties, and recent data support the beneficial effects of nitrate therapy in obesity and diabetes. Although it seems reasonable to combine hyperoxia and nitrate treatments for managing obesity/diabetes, the combined effects have not been investigated yet. This review discusses some aspects of tissue oxygenation and the potential effects of hyperoxia and nitrate interventions on obesity/diabetes management. It can be proposed that concomitant use of hyperoxia and nitrate is justified for managing obesity and diabetes.
肥胖和糖尿病在全球范围内的患病率正在上升。肥胖和糖尿病与氧化应激、炎症、内皮功能障碍、胰岛素抵抗和葡萄糖不耐受有关。肥胖是一种慢性缺氧状态，与一氧化氮（NO）生物利用度降低有关，是2型糖尿病的主要原因之一。缺氧诱导因子-1（HIF-1）参与调节包括促炎脂肪因子、内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）和胰岛素信号成分在内的多种代谢途径基因。脂肪组织缺氧以及NO依赖性血管和细胞功能障碍似乎是与肥胖相关疾病的其他后果的原因。虽然高氧可以逆转缺氧相关疾病，但它会增加活性氧（ROS）的产生并减少NO的产生。硝酸盐可以恢复NO的消耗并具有抗氧化特性，最近的数据支持硝酸盐疗法对肥胖和糖尿病的有益作用。虽然将高氧和硝酸盐治疗联合用于管理肥胖/糖尿病似乎是合理的，但联合效果尚未得到研究。本综述讨论了组织氧合的一些方面以及高氧和硝酸盐干预对肥胖/糖尿病管理的潜在影响。可以提出，同时使用高氧和硝酸盐对于管理肥胖和糖尿病是合理的。
