Kaiser Jakob, Davey Graham C L
School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK.
Conscious Cogn. 2017 Aug;53:23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.05.006. Epub 2017 Jun 10.
According to theories of embodiment enacting a smile or a frown can positively or negatively influence one's evaluations, even without awareness of one's facial activity. While some previous studies found evidence for facial feedback effects, recent replication attempts could not confirm these findings. Are our decisions throughout the day amenable to the state of our facial muscles? We tested the effect of smiling and frowning on the evaluation of emotional sentences describing everyday situations. While most previous studies based their assessment of awareness on verbal debriefing interviews without explicitly defined criteria, we employed a written debriefing questionnaire in order to avoid potential bias when identifying participants' awareness. Our results indicate that smiling/frowning increased/decreased sentence ratings only for participants aware of their expressions. This emphasizes the importance of more rigorous awareness tests in facial feedback studies. Our results support the view that facial feedback cannot necessarily influence us without conscious mediation.
根据具身认知理论，即使人们没有意识到自己的面部活动，做出微笑或皱眉的表情也会对其评价产生积极或消极的影响。虽然之前的一些研究发现了面部反馈效应的证据，但最近的重复实验未能证实这些发现。我们一整天做出的决定会受到面部肌肉状态的影响吗？我们测试了微笑和皱眉对描述日常情景的情感句子评价的影响。之前的大多数研究基于口头汇报访谈来评估意识，且没有明确界定的标准，而我们采用了书面汇报问卷，以避免在确定参与者的意识时出现潜在偏差。我们的结果表明，只有那些意识到自己表情的参与者，微笑/皱眉才会提高/降低句子评分。这凸显了在面部反馈研究中进行更严格的意识测试的重要性。我们的结果支持这样一种观点，即没有意识的中介作用，面部反馈不一定会影响我们。
