Ueda Yoshiyuki, Nagoya Kie, Yoshikawa Sakiko, Nomura Michio
Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Faculty of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2017 Dec 1;8:2097. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02097. eCollection 2017.
Forming specific facial expressions influences emotions and perception. Bearing this in mind, studies should be reconsidered in which observers expressing neutral emotions inferred personal traits from the facial expressions of others. In the present study, participants were asked to make happy, neutral, and disgusted facial expressions: for "happy," they held a wooden chopstick in their molars to form a smile; for "neutral," they clasped the chopstick between their lips, making no expression; for "disgusted," they put the chopstick between their upper lip and nose and knit their brows in a scowl. However, they were not asked to intentionally change their emotional state. Observers judged happy expression images as more trustworthy, competent, warm, friendly, and distinctive than disgusted expression images, regardless of the observers' own facial expression. Observers judged disgusted expression images as more dominant than happy expression images. However, observers expressing disgust overestimated dominance in observed disgusted expression images and underestimated dominance in happy expression images. In contrast, observers with happy facial forms attenuated dominance for disgusted expression images. These results suggest that dominance inferred from facial expressions is unstable and influenced by not only the observed facial expression, but also the observers' own physiological states.
形成特定的面部表情会影响情绪和感知。考虑到这一点，对于那些观察者以中性情绪表达并从他人面部表情推断个人特质的研究，应该重新进行审视。在本研究中，参与者被要求做出开心、中性和厌恶的面部表情：对于“开心”表情，他们用磨牙咬住一根木筷子来形成微笑；对于“中性”表情，他们将筷子夹在嘴唇之间，不做任何表情；对于“厌恶”表情，他们把筷子放在上唇和鼻子之间，并皱起眉头做出怒容。然而，他们并未被要求刻意改变自己的情绪状态。无论观察者自身的面部表情如何，观察者都认为开心表情的图片比厌恶表情的图片更值得信赖、更有能力、更温暖、更友好且更具特色。观察者认为厌恶表情的图片比开心表情的图片更具主导性。然而，表现出厌恶情绪的观察者高估了所观察到的厌恶表情图片中的主导性，而低估了开心表情图片中的主导性。相比之下，呈现开心面部表情的观察者则弱化了厌恶表情图片中的主导性。这些结果表明，从面部表情推断出的主导性是不稳定的，不仅受到所观察到的面部表情的影响，还受到观察者自身生理状态的影响。
