Owusu-Twum Maxwell Yeboah, Polastre Adele, Subedi Raghunath, Santos Ana Sofia, Mendes Ferreira Luis Miguel, Coutinho João, Trindade Henrique
CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Department of Agronomy, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
Department of Soil Science, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-900, Brazil.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Sep 15;200:416-422. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.004. Epub 2017 Jun 10.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of slurry treatment by additives (EU200 (EU200), Bio-buster (BB), JASS and sulphuric acid (HSO)) and mechanical separation on the physical-chemical characteristics, gaseous emissions (NH, CH, CO and NO) during anaerobic storage at ∼20 °C (experiment 1) and NH losses after field application (experiment 2). The treatments studied in experiment 1 were: whole slurry (WS), WS+HSO to a pH of 6.0, WS+EU200 and WS+BB. Treatments for experiment 2 were: WS, slurry liquid fraction (LF), composted solid fraction (CSF), LFs treated with BB (LFB), JASS (LFJ), HSO to a pH of 5.5 (LFA) and soil only (control). The results showed an inhibition of the degradation of organic materials (cellulose, hemicellulose, dry matter organic matter and total carbon) in the WS+HSO relative to the WS. When compared to the WS, the WS+HSO increased electrical conductivity, ammonium (NH) and sulphur (S) concentrations whilst reducing slurry pH after storage. The WS+HSO reduced NH volatilization by 69% relative to the WS but had no effect on emissions of CH, CO and NO during storage. Biological additive treatments (WS+EU200 and WS+BB) had no impact on slurry characteristics and gaseous emissions relative to the WS during storage. After field application, the cumulative NH lost in the LF was almost 50% lower than the WS. The losses in the LFA were reduced by 92% relative to the LF. The LFB and LFJ had no impact on NH losses relative to the LF. A significant effect of treatment on NH concentration was found at the top soil layer (0-5 cm) after NH measurements with higher concentrations in the LF treatments relative to the WS. Overall, the use of the above biological additives to decrease pollutant gases and to modify slurry characteristics are questionable. Reducing slurry dry matter through mechanical separation can mitigate NH losses after field application. Slurry acidification can increase the fertilizer value (NH and S) of slurry whilst mitigating the environmental impacts through a decrease in NH losses during storage and after application.
本研究的目的是评估添加剂（EU200、生物破乳剂（BB）、JASS和硫酸（HSO））处理和机械分离对在约20°C厌氧储存期间（实验1）的物理化学特性、气体排放（NH、CH、CO和NO）以及田间施用后NH损失（实验2）的影响。实验1中研究的处理方法有：全浆（WS）、调至pH值为6.0的WS + HSO、WS + EU200和WS + BB。实验2的处理方法有：WS、浆液液相部分（LF）、堆肥固相部分（CSF）、用BB处理的LF（LFB）、JASS处理的LF（LFJ）、调至pH值为5.5的HSO处理的LF（LFA）以及仅土壤（对照）。结果表明，相对于WS，WS + HSO中有机物质（纤维素、半纤维素、干物质有机物和总碳）的降解受到抑制。与WS相比，WS + HSO增加了电导率、铵（NH）和硫（S）浓度，同时降低了储存后浆液的pH值。相对于WS，WS + HSO使NH挥发减少了69%，但对储存期间CH、CO和NO的排放没有影响。生物添加剂处理（WS + EU200和WS + BB）相对于储存期间的WS对浆液特性和气体排放没有影响。田间施用后，LF中累积的NH损失比WS低近50%。相对于LF，LFA中的损失减少了92%。LFB和LFJ相对于LF对NH损失没有影响。在对NH进行测量后，发现在表层土壤（0 - 5厘米）处理对NH浓度有显著影响，LF处理中的浓度高于WS。总体而言，使用上述生物添加剂来减少污染气体和改变浆液特性存在疑问。通过机械分离降低浆液干物质可以减轻田间施用后的NH损失。浆液酸化可以提高浆液的肥料价值（NH和S），同时通过减少储存期间和施用后NH的损失来减轻环境影响。
