Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Quinta da Alagoa, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal.
Chemosphere. 2010 Apr;79(6):620-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.029. Epub 2010 Mar 3.
The application of untreated or treated animal manure to soils can result in increased N and C gaseous emissions contributing to ecosystem change and global warming. In the present study, dairy cattle slurry (liquid manure) was subjected first to pre-treatment by separation using a screw press to obtain a liquid (LF) and a solid fraction (SF). Then, the different fractions and the whole slurry (WS) were combined with two nitrification inhibitors (NI), dicyandiamide (DCD) or 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), were applied to soil to assess the effect of slurry treatment by separation and NI addition on soil N dynamics and CH4, CO2, NH3, NO and N2O emissions. The WS and the two slurry fractions, combined or not with DCD or DMPP, were applied to soil at an equivalent field dosage of 120 kg total N ha(-1). Controls including a soil only, soil-DCD and soil-DMPP treatments were also included. The mixtures were incubated for 93-d at 20 degrees C. Results obtained show that NI inhibited nitrification between 16 and 30-d in WS and LF, with DMPP having a longer effect over time compared to DCD. There was no significant effect of NI on nitrification for the SF treatment. Nitrification inhibitors did not significantly affect (P>0.05) the CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions, but significantly decreased (P<0.05) NO emissions. Furthermore, the two NIs had a similar effect on gaseous emissions. Throughout the entire experiment, the greatest amount of NO was released from the LF treatment (without NI), while the greatest amount of N2O was released from the SF treatment. Slurry separation had no impact on N emissions, while the combination of this process with one of the two NI led to a small reduction in total N emissions.
未经处理或处理过的动物粪便施用到土壤中会导致氮和碳气体排放增加，从而导致生态系统变化和全球变暖。在本研究中，首先对奶牛粪污（液体粪便）进行预处理，使用螺旋压榨机分离得到液体（LF）和固体部分（SF）。然后，将不同部分和整个粪污（WS）与两种硝化抑制剂（NI），双氰胺（DCD）或 3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）组合，施用到土壤中，以评估通过分离和添加 NI 处理粪污对土壤氮动态和 CH4、CO2、NH3、NO 和 N2O 排放的影响。WS 和两个粪污部分，无论是否添加 DCD 或 DMPP，都以相当于 120 kg 总氮/公顷的田间用量施用到土壤中。还包括仅土壤、土壤-DCD 和土壤-DMPP 处理作为对照。混合物在 20°C 下培养 93 天。结果表明，NI 在 WS 和 LF 中抑制硝化作用 16-30 天，DMPP 的作用时间比 DCD 长。NI 对 SF 处理的硝化作用没有显著影响（P>0.05）。硝化抑制剂对 CH4、CO2 和 N2O 排放没有显著影响（P>0.05），但显著降低了（P<0.05）NO 排放。此外，两种 NI 对气体排放有相似的影响。在整个实验过程中，从 LF 处理（无 NI）中释放的 NO 量最大，而从 SF 处理中释放的 N2O 量最大。粪污分离对氮排放没有影响，而将该过程与两种 NI 之一结合使用会导致总氮排放量略有减少。
