State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Oct;229:339-349. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.081. Epub 2017 Jun 10.
Heavy haze pollution occurs frequently in northern China, most critically in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area (BTH). Zibo, an industrial city located in Shandong province, is often listed as one of the top ten most polluted cities in China, particularly in winter. However, no studies of haze in Zibo have been conducted, which limits the understanding of the source and formation of haze pollution in this area, as well as mutual effects with the BTH area. We carried out online and continuous integrated field observation of particulate matter in winter, from 11 to 25 January 2015. SO, NO, and NH (SIA) and organics were the main constituents of PM, contributing 59.4% and 33.6%, respectively. With the increasing severity of pollution, the contribution of SIA increased while that of organics decreased. Meteorological conditions play an important role in haze formation; high relative humidity (RH) and low wind speed increased both the accumulation of pollutants and the secondary transition from gas precursors (gas-particle phase partitioning). Since RH and the presence of O can indicate heterogeneous and photochemistry processes, respectively, we carried out correlation analysis and linear regression to identify their relative importance to the three main secondary species (sulfate, nitrate, and secondary organic carbon (SOC)). We found that the impact of RH is in the order of SO > NO > SOC, while the impact of O is reversed, in the order of SOC > NO > SO, indicating different effect of these factors on the secondary formation of main species in winter. Cluster analysis of backward trajectories showed that, during the observation period, six directional sources of air masses were identified, and more than 90% came from highly industrialized areas, indicating that regional transport from industrialized areas aggravates the haze pollution in Zibo. Inter-regional joint prevention and control is necessary to prevent further deterioration of the air quality.
中国北方，尤其是京津冀地区，经常发生严重雾霾污染。淄博是山东省的一个工业城市，经常被列为中国十大污染城市之一，尤其是在冬季。然而，针对淄博雾霾的研究尚未开展，这限制了对该地区雾霾污染来源和形成机制以及与京津冀地区相互影响的理解。我们于 2015 年 1 月 11 日至 25 日开展了冬季在线连续综合颗粒物观测。SO、NO 和 NH（SIA）以及有机物是 PM 的主要成分，分别占 59.4%和 33.6%。随着污染程度的加剧，SIA 的贡献增加，而有机物的贡献减少。气象条件在雾霾形成中起着重要作用；高相对湿度（RH）和低风速增加了污染物的积累和气体前体的二次转化（气粒相间分配）。由于 RH 和 O 的存在分别可以指示非均相和光化学过程，我们进行了相关分析和线性回归，以确定它们对三种主要二次物种（硫酸盐、硝酸盐和二次有机碳（SOC））的相对重要性。我们发现 RH 的影响顺序为 SO > NO > SOC，而 O 的影响顺序为 SOC > NO > SO，表明这些因素对冬季主要物种二次形成的影响不同。后向轨迹聚类分析表明，在观测期间，识别出了六个气团的方向源，其中 90%以上来自高度工业化地区，表明来自工业化地区的区域传输加剧了淄博的雾霾污染。有必要开展区域联防联控，防止空气质量进一步恶化。
