Morgani Sophie, Nichols Jennifer, Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina
Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
BMC Dev Biol. 2017 Jun 13;17(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12861-017-0150-4.
Pluripotency defines the propensity of a cell to differentiate into, and generate, all somatic, as well as germ cells. The epiblast of the early mammalian embryo is the founder population of all germ layer derivatives and thus represents the bona fide in vivo pluripotent cell population. The so-called pluripotent state spans several days of development and is lost during gastrulation as epiblast cells make fate decisions towards a mesoderm, endoderm or ectoderm identity. It is now widely recognized that the features of the pluripotent population evolve as development proceeds from the pre- to post-implantation period, marked by distinct transcriptional and epigenetic signatures. During this period of time epiblast cells mature through a continuum of pluripotent states with unique properties. Aspects of this pluripotent continuum can be captured in vitro in the form of stable pluripotent stem cell types. In this review we discuss the continuum of pluripotency existing within the mammalian embryo, using the mouse as a model, and the cognate stem cell types that can be derived and propagated in vitro. Furthermore, we speculate on embryonic stage-specific characteristics that could be utilized to identify novel, developmentally relevant, pluripotent states.
多能性定义了细胞分化并产生所有体细胞以及生殖细胞的倾向。早期哺乳动物胚胎的上胚层是所有胚层衍生物的起始群体，因此代表了体内真正的多能细胞群体。所谓的多能状态跨越几天的发育过程，并在原肠胚形成期间丧失，因为上胚层细胞决定了向中胚层、内胚层或外胚层身份的命运。现在人们广泛认识到，随着发育从植入前期进入植入后期，多能细胞群体的特征会发生演变，其标志是独特的转录和表观遗传特征。在此期间，上胚层细胞通过具有独特特性的多能状态连续体成熟。这种多能连续体的各个方面可以在体外以稳定的多能干细胞类型的形式捕获。在这篇综述中，我们以小鼠为模型，讨论哺乳动物胚胎中存在的多能性连续体，以及可以在体外衍生和增殖的相关干细胞类型。此外，我们推测了可用于识别新的、与发育相关的多能状态的胚胎阶段特异性特征。
