Mercedes Navarro, Angel Ferrandez, Angel Lanas, Service of Digestive Diseases, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, Avenida San Juan Bosco, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
World J Gastroenterol. 2017 May 28;23(20):3632-3642. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i20.3632.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. The incidence and mortality show wide geographical variations. Screening is recommended to reduce both incidence and mortality. However, there are significant differences among studies in implementation strategies and detection. This review aimed to present the results and strategies of different screening programs worldwide. We reviewed the literature on national and international screening programs published in PubMed, on web pages, and in clinical guidelines. CRC Screening programs are currently underway in most European countries, Canada, specific regions in North and South America, Asia, and Oceania. The most extensive screening strategies were based on fecal occult blood testing, and more recently, the fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Participation in screening has varied greatly among different programs. The Netherlands showed the highest participation rate (68.2%) and some areas of Canada showed the lowest (16%). Participation rates were highest among women and in programs that used the FIT test. Men exhibited the greatest number of positive results. The FIT test has been the most widely used screening program worldwide. The advent of this test has increased participation rates and the detection of positive results.
结直肠癌（CRC）是世界上第三大常见癌症。发病率和死亡率显示出广泛的地理差异。建议进行筛查以降低发病率和死亡率。然而，在实施策略和检测方面，不同的研究存在显著差异。本综述旨在介绍全球不同筛查计划的结果和策略。我们在 PubMed 上、网页上和临床指南中查阅了关于国内外筛查计划的文献。目前，大多数欧洲国家、加拿大、北美和南美的特定地区、亚洲和大洋洲都在进行 CRC 筛查计划。最广泛的筛查策略基于粪便潜血检测，最近则是粪便免疫化学检测（FIT）。不同计划的参与率差异很大。荷兰的参与率最高（68.2%），而加拿大的一些地区最低（16%）。女性和使用 FIT 测试的计划中的参与率最高。男性表现出最多的阳性结果。FIT 测试是全球最广泛使用的筛查计划。该测试的出现提高了参与率和阳性结果的检出率。
