Roache J D, Griffiths R R
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1985 Jul;234(1):120-33.
On a residential research ward, the acute effects of placebo, 0.5 to 3.0 mg of triazolam (TZ) and 100 to 600 mg of pentobarbital (PTB) were examined using a within-subject, double-blind design in male volunteers with documented histories of drug abuse. Drug effects were examined through the use of subject ratings including measures of drug liking and estimates of street value, staff ratings, objective psychomotor/cognitive performance measures, subject estimates of performance, immediate and delayed recognition memory tasks and subject ratings of nighttime sleep quality. Staff ratings and objective performance measures showed that TZ and PTB produced comparable dose-related impairment; TZ had a more rapid onset and a shorter duration of action than PTB. With these measures, TZ was 159 to 274 times more potent than PTB. With subject-rated measures of drug effect, sleepiness and drunkenness, in contrast, TZ produced smaller effects than PTB or was only 135 to 163 times more potent than PTB. Similarly, with subject ratings of drug liking and estimated street value, TZ produced smaller effects than PTB and was only 91 to 122 times more potent than PTB. Other results showed that TZ produced greater amnestic effects than PTB and subjects under the influence of TZ more consistently underestimated the degree of their impairment. Overall, these results suggest that TZ has a lower liability for abuse (likelihood) than PTB, but a greater liability of abuse (hazard) with regard to performance impairment on certain kinds of tasks.
在一个住院研究病房中，采用受试者内双盲设计，对有药物滥用记录的男性志愿者进行了安慰剂、0.5至3.0毫克三唑仑（TZ）和100至600毫克戊巴比妥（PTB）的急性效应研究。通过受试者评分来检验药物效应，包括对药物喜好程度的测量、对街头价值的估计、工作人员评分、客观心理运动/认知表现测量、受试者对自身表现的估计、即时和延迟识别记忆任务以及受试者对夜间睡眠质量的评分。工作人员评分和客观表现测量结果显示，TZ和PTB产生了相当的剂量相关损害；TZ起效更快，作用持续时间比PTB短。通过这些测量，TZ的效力比PTB高159至274倍。相比之下，在受试者对药物效应、嗜睡和醉酒程度的评分测量中，TZ产生的效应比PTB小，或者其效力仅比PTB高135至163倍。同样，在受试者对药物喜好程度和估计街头价值的评分中，TZ产生的效应比PTB小，其效力仅比PTB高91至122倍。其他结果表明，TZ产生的遗忘效应比PTB更大，且受TZ影响的受试者更一致地低估了自身损害程度。总体而言，这些结果表明，与PTB相比，TZ的滥用可能性较低，但在某些任务的表现损害方面，其滥用危害更大。
