Ranasinghe Indika R., Sharma Bashar, Bashir Khalid
SUNY Upstate University Hospital
Creighton University School of Medicine
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a multiorgan condition affecting the kidneys and the liver. It is a cause of acute kidney injury that can be seen in those with acute or chronic liver disease. The first association of renal failure in cirrhosis was observed in the late 1800s. In the mid to late 1900s, further research revealed that renal failure in liver cirrhosis was functional. This was demonstrated in patients with hepatorenal syndrome with normal kidney histology in addition to the absence of proteinuria. This was further demonstrated clinically when kidneys from patients with HRS were transplanted into those with chronic kidney disease as well as the improvement of renal function in liver cirrhosis patients who underwent a liver transplant. Further research investigating renal clearance established the association of renal vasoconstriction in HRS.
肝肾综合征（HRS）是一种影响肾脏和肝脏的多器官疾病。它是急性肾损伤的一个病因，可见于急性或慢性肝病患者。19世纪末首次观察到肝硬化患者出现肾衰竭。20世纪中后期的进一步研究表明，肝硬化患者的肾衰竭是功能性的。这在肝肾综合征患者中得到了证实，这些患者的肾脏组织学正常且无蛋白尿。当将HRS患者的肾脏移植给慢性肾脏病患者，以及肝硬化患者接受肝移植后肾功能改善时，这一点在临床上得到了进一步证明。进一步研究肾清除率证实了HRS中肾血管收缩的关联。
