Erlmeier Franziska, Steffens Sandra, Hartmann Arndt
Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität München.
Mitglied des Bridge Consortiums.
Aktuelle Urol. 2017 Aug;48(4):336-339. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-110087. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
Immunotherapy with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) has been approved in Europe for the first-line treatment of several tumour entities, e. g. malignant melanoma. Following the resounding therapeutic success of these antibodies in different types of tumours, their potential in urological tumours has been investigated in several studies. The approval of the PD-1 antibody nivolumab for the treatment of metastasised renal cell carcinoma has set a new milestone in urooncology. This success continued with the approval of the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) atezolizumab for advanced urothelial carcinoma in 2016. In addition, several ongoing clinical trials of other checkpoint inhibitors have also shown promising efficacy in advanced urothelial carcinoma. The decision to treat a patient with immunotherapy is based, among other things, on the immunohistochemical staining and evaluation by a pathologist. However, due to the lack of standardised evaluation protocols and detection systems, it is difficult to compare different studies and evaluate the efficacy of the respective antibodies.
程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1（PD-1）抗体（帕博利珠单抗和纳武利尤单抗）免疫疗法已在欧洲获批用于多种肿瘤实体的一线治疗，例如恶性黑色素瘤。随着这些抗体在不同类型肿瘤中取得巨大治疗成功，其在泌尿系统肿瘤中的潜力已在多项研究中得到探究。PD-1抗体纳武利尤单抗获批用于治疗转移性肾细胞癌，这在泌尿肿瘤学领域树立了一个新的里程碑。2016年，程序性细胞死亡配体1（PD-L1）阿替利珠单抗获批用于晚期尿路上皮癌，这一成功得以延续。此外，其他几种检查点抑制剂正在进行的多项临床试验在晚期尿路上皮癌中也显示出了有前景的疗效。对患者进行免疫治疗的决策除其他因素外，还基于病理学家的免疫组织化学染色和评估。然而，由于缺乏标准化的评估方案和检测系统，很难比较不同研究并评估各抗体的疗效。
