Sandhu Saroop S, Ussiri David A N, Kumar Sandeep, Chintala Rajesh, Papiernik Sharon K, Malo Douglas D, Schumacher Thomas E
Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Chemosphere. 2017 Oct;184:473-481. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.165. Epub 2017 May 30.
Biochar is a solid material obtained when biomass is thermochemically converted in an oxygen-limited environment. In most previous studies, the impacts of biochar on soil properties and organic carbon (C) were investigated under controlled conditions, mainly laboratory incubation or greenhouse studies. This 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar on selected soil physical and chemical properties and carbon and nitrogen fractions for two selected soil types (clay loam and a sandy loam soil) under a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. The three plant based biochar materials used for this study were corn stover (CS), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson and C. Lawson) wood residue (PW), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) (SG). Data showed that CS and SG significantly increased the pH of acidic soil at the eroded landscape position but produced no significant change in soil pH at the depositional landscape position. The effects of biochar treatments on cold water extractable C (WSC) and nitrogen (WSN) fractions for the 0-7.5 cm depth were depended on biochar and soil type. Results suggested that alkaline biochars applied at 10 Mg ha can increase the pH and WSC fraction of acidic sandy loam soil, but the 10 Mg ha rate might be low to substantially improve physical properties and hot water extractable C and N fractions of soil. Application of higher rates of biochar and long-term monitoring is needed to quantify the benefits of biochar under field conditions on soils in different environmental conditions.
生物炭是生物质在缺氧环境中进行热化学转化时获得的固体材料。在之前的大多数研究中，生物炭对土壤性质和有机碳（C）的影响是在受控条件下进行研究的，主要是实验室培养或温室研究。这项为期两年的田间研究旨在评估在玉米（Zea mays L.）-大豆（Glycine max L.）轮作条件下，生物炭对两种选定土壤类型（粘壤土和砂壤土）的选定土壤物理和化学性质以及碳和氮组分的影响。本研究使用的三种植物基生物炭材料分别是玉米秸秆（CS）、黄松（Pinus ponderosa Lawson和C. Lawson）木材残渣（PW）和柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum L.）（SG）。数据表明，CS和SG显著提高了侵蚀地貌位置酸性土壤的pH值，但在沉积地貌位置的土壤pH值没有显著变化。生物炭处理对0-7.5厘米深度的冷水可提取碳（WSC）和氮（WSN）组分的影响取决于生物炭和土壤类型。结果表明，以10 Mg ha的用量施用碱性生物炭可以提高酸性砂壤土的pH值和WSC组分，但10 Mg ha的用量可能较低，无法显著改善土壤的物理性质以及热水可提取碳和氮组分。需要施用更高用量的生物炭并进行长期监测，以量化田间条件下生物炭对不同环境条件下土壤的益处。
